Biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , to transportation in plastic bags using thymol as a sedative agent

Abstract

The present study aimed at assessing the effects of addition of thymol [0 (T0), 2.5 mg/L (T2.5), 5 mg/L (T5) and 10 mg/L (T10)] to water on biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, during 3-h transportation. The lowest dissolved oxygen and ammonia levels after transportation were related to T2.5 and T5 treatments respectively. T5 treatment exhibited lower cortisol/glucose responses after transportation and 24 h after that, whereas T2.5 and T10 exhibited elevations in these parameters at the same times. Hyperammonaemia and hyperchloraemia were observed in T2.5 treatment immediately after transportation, but such changes were observed in all treatments, 24 h after transportation. Addition of 10 mg/L thymol to water prevented uraemia after transportation, but all thymoltreated fish exhibited uraemia, 24 h after transportation. Thymol treatment failed to mitigate lactate elevation immediately after transportation; nevertheless, T2.5 and T10 had, respectively, the lowest and highest lactate levels, 24 h after transportation.T5 treatment inhibited alteration in superoxide dismutase activity, immediately after transportation, and T10 exhibited a similar effect, 24 h after transportation. Addition of 2.5 mg/L thymol to water significantly increased catalase activity immediately after transportation, but such a response was observed in all treatments, 24 h after transportation. T2.5 and T10 exhibited higher malondialdehyde levels than T0 immediately after transportation, but such a response was observed in all thymol-treated fish, 24 h after transportation. In conclusion, addition of 5 mg/L thymol is beneficial in reducing water ammonia concentration and stress in carp during transportation.

Effects of dietary phytol supplementation on growth performance, immunological parameters, intestinal bacteria, and prevention of oxidative stress following transportation of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…Subsequently, GR reduces glutathione disul de to GSH(Couto et al 2016). Transportation of sh can have negative effects on their health, especially if they are not handled properly(Mazandarani et al 2017;Mirzargar et al 2022). In addition to the physical stress of transportation, sh may also experience oxidative stress(Boaventura et al 2021;Youse et al 2022b…”