Biochemical variability in sponges across the Caribbean basin

Abraham, A Clayshulte; Gochfeld, Deborah J.; Macartney, Keir J.; Mellor, Amelia; Lesser, Michael P.; Slattery, Marc

doi:10.1111/ivb.12341

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…diethyl-ether solvent can attract certain chemical components that may be different from other nonpolar solvents [8], [14], [41], however, in this study, the extraction performance of diethyl-ether was not better than n-hexane. The GC-MS chromatogram data of the diethyl-ether extract of Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Sp.1 (CTR) sponge, (Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Chemical Components Of Sponge Extractscontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Sponges are marine biota scattered in shallow coastal waters to deep waters [2], [3]. The population of sponges in marine ecosystems is relatively large [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expanding the benefits of sponges and their derived metabolic substances, initial research was carried out by searching for sponge metabolic substances thought to have medicinal potential. The urgency of this research is as a form of enrichment which is expected to be able to discover new things related to potential medicinal sponge metabolic substances specifically intended to treat specific diseases (cancer, tumors, HIV-Aids, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases) [13], [14], [18], including efforts to search for antibiotics in dealing with various diseases in fish and crustacean farming, due to attacks by various types of pathogenic bacteria and viruses which until now have not been identified [7], [8], [18]; drugs were found to be effective in overcoming it [1], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Component Analysis of Marine Sponge Extract of Potentially Medicinal Based on Solvent Differences

Marzuki,

Heri Isnawan,

Arnol

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Tracing and characterizing marine natural materials with special medicinal abilities is important to obtain new materials to enrich the diversity of drugs to treat particular diseases. The identification of the chemical components of sponges is interesting, considering the uniqueness and several other abilities possessed by sponges that are thought to have medicinal potential. Searching for chemical components in sponge extracts is suspected to contain secondary metabolic substances with medicinal potential. The study aimed to identify the chemical components of sponge extract with potential medicinal value based on differences in solvents. The first extract on the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Sp.1 (CTR) by maceration method using semi-polar solvents (methanol). The second extraction uses a separating funnel with two types of non-polar solvents (diethyl-ether and n-hexane). The chemical components of the three extracts were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer instrument. The identified chemical components of sponge extract generally belong to the class of free fatty acids and cholesterol. Investigation of identified compounds with medicinal value chemical components, for example, Cholestan-3.alpha.-ol, Ergosta-5, Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-2-indolinone and Pyridine-3-carboxamide. Searching for chemical components with medicinal potential from sponge extracts is novelty research based on differences in solvents, a new method. Complementing the data from this research, it is necessary to carry out further and specific searches related to chemical components with medicinal properties, which can be carried out by chromatographic fractionation and testing the activity of the extract against bacteria. pathogens and parasitic fungi.

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Section: Analysis Of the Chemical Components Of Sponge Extractscontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Sponges are marine biota scattered in shallow coastal waters to deep waters [2], [3]. The population of sponges in marine ecosystems is relatively large [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Component Analysis of Marine Sponge Extract of Potentially Medicinal Based on Solvent Differences

Marzuki,

Heri Isnawan,

Arnol

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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“…For the scaling analysis, both HMA and LMA sponges spanned two to three orders of magnitude in sponge volume (mL) or dry mass (g) for the assessment of the relationship between sponge size and Q, where a minimum size range of one order of magnitude is considered essential [42]. Extrinsic factors such as seasonal changes in seawater temperature were not sufficient to elicit significant changes in Q for sponges from the Mediterranean over an annual cycle (mean annual temperature 17.18 ± 0.81 • C (SD), range of 12-23 • C, [24]), and for samples from Florida and Belize the range of temperatures (27.1-29.6 • C) are not significantly different between locations [43]. Samples were collected from 5-10 m depth in the Mediterranean [24], and 15-30 m in Florida and the Caribbean [17,19].…”

Section: Sponge Datamentioning

confidence: 92%

Size Effects on Pumping Rates in High Microbial versus Low Microbial Abundance Marine Sponges

Lesser

2023

Oceans

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Sponges are increasingly recognized as ecologically important on coral reefs as scleractinian corals decline. Most sponge species can be divided into two symbiotic phenotypes which are characterized as high microbial abundance (HMA) or low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. Sponge species of HMA or LMA symbiotic phenotypes differ not just in their microbiomes, but in other characteristics, including that LMA sponges actively pump at higher rates than HMA sponges based on a standard normalization to size. This dichotomy has recently been questioned because the size range of LMA sponges used to quantify pumping rates during studies on their trophic ecology were exceedingly small, often less than an order of magnitude. Here, both HMA and LMA sponges, across two to three orders of magnitude in sponge volume (mL) or mass (g) were assessed for allometric relationships between sponge size and pumping rates (Q = mL s−1). The scaling analysis of all data sets combined reveals that HMA sponges scale their pumping rates isometrically with size, while LMA sponges scale their pumping rate allometrically. When HMA species are examined separately, however, tropical HMA sponges scaled isometrically, while temperate HMA sponges scaled allometrically. From an ecological perspective, to quantify differences between HMA and LMA sponges for rate functions of interest (e.g., feeding) it is important to remove the effects of size as a covariate, and adjust the Q values of sponges to a standard volume or mass. For multiple species and geographic locations, this analysis shows that LMA sponges always maintain higher Q values. On tropical coral reefs, the differences between HMA and LMA sponges are intrinsic and constrained by strong evolutionary selection resulting in fixed differences in Q, regardless of sponge size.

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“…Sponges are multicellular animals that inhabit coral reef ecosystems and have developed defense mechanisms similar to those of terrestrial and aquatic plants [1] [2]. Sponge developed a biodefense system that produces secondary metabolites [3] or antipredator chemical defenses [4]. Sponges serve as a valuable source of secondary metabolites, which exhibit chemopreventive and tumor chemotherapeutic properties [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites and Cytotoxic Assay of Haliclona sp. Sponge Against T47D Breast Cancer Cells

Sapar

Millenia

Aritonang

et al. 2023

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Characterization of secondary metabolites and cytotoxic testing of Haliclona sp. against T47D breast cancer cells were conducted in this study. The objective was to assess the cytotoxicity of T47D cancer cells and identify the functional groups involved. The research methods employed included maceration, partitioning, phytochemical testing, toxicity testing using the BSLT method, separation through flash column chromatography (FCC), cytotoxic testing using the MTT method, and characterization using FTIR. The partition results of methanol extract consist of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fractions. The methanol extract demonstrated high toxicity, with an LC50 of 5.21 ppm. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest toxicity compared to the n-hexane and methanol-water fractions, with LC50 values of 25.76 ppm, 42.71 ppm, and 55.26 ppm, respectively. Phytochemical testing of the ethyl acetate fraction yielded positive results for terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction was further separated using flash column chromatography, resulting in ten combined fractions (M1-M10). The cytotoxicity tests of the M3 fraction against 747D breast cancer cells showed non-toxic effects, with an IC50 value of 1382.29 ppm. The FTIR analysis of the M3 fraction revealed the presence of functional groups such as O-H, =C-H, C-H aliphatic, C=O, and C=C, which is indicative of the presence of terpenoids, steroids, and esters.

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Biochemical variability in sponges across the Caribbean basin

Abstract: Sponges are one of the most prominent taxa on Caribbean reefs (van Soest et al., 2012). Within sites across the region, sponges are often the most abundant phylum in terms of biomass, and they also rep-

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Chemical Component Analysis of Marine Sponge Extract of Potentially Medicinal Based on Solvent Differences

Chemical Component Analysis of Marine Sponge Extract of Potentially Medicinal Based on Solvent Differences

Size Effects on Pumping Rates in High Microbial versus Low Microbial Abundance Marine Sponges

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites and Cytotoxic Assay of Haliclona sp. Sponge Against T47D Breast Cancer Cells

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