Biochemistry and Chemistry of Lipoic Acids

Determination of lipoic acid in dietary supplement preparations by capillary electrophoresis

“…It is known to act as a hydrogen-transferring cofactor and is involved in oxidative decarboxylation processes [3,4]. The naturally occurring R(+)-enantiomer is a prosthetic group for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.…”

Radical ring‐opening polymerization of lipoates: Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects

“…Among them, lipoic acid (LpOH), 36,37 which plays a number of important biological roles, for example, in metabolism, 38 is the best known and perhaps the most attractive because it is readily available and is essentially nontoxic. In fact, it is often used as antioxidant and dietary supplement 39–41 . Interestingly, during the early attempts to isolate and purify the acid, it was noticed that the compound polymerized when heated 24,42 .…”

“…In fact, it is often used as antioxidant and dietary supplement. [39][40][41] Interestingly, during the early attempts to isolate and purify the acid, it was noticed that the compound polymerized when heated. 24,42 Since then, the radical polymerization of LpOH 43,44 and its derivatives, for example, the amide 45,46 and esters, 47 have been studied.…”

Lipoates as building blocks of sulfur-containing branched macromolecules

“…19,20 Lipoic acid (LpA), which contains a saturated five-membered disulfide ring (1,2-dithiolane) is perhaps the best known member of the group, which plays an important role as a coenzyme in biological redox processes, e.g., oxidative decarboxylation, and has found applications as an important antioxidant and dietary supplement. [21][22][23][24] In addition to its biological role, LpA and its reduced form, the dithiol dihydrolipoic (6,8-dimercaptooctanoic) acid, similar to other disulfides and thiols, have a marked affinity for precious (e.g., Au, Ag, Pd) and nonprecious (e.g., Cr, Co, Ni) metals and metal ions (e.g., Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ ). Because of this property, numerous polymeric materials have been developed that contain pendant lipoate moieties, 25 which have been successfully employed as adhesives for metals used in dentistry 26,27 or stabilizers and/or surface modifiers for the functionalization of metal, often Au, nanoparticles, 28,29 and quantum dots.…”