Biochips as Novel Bioassays

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Types of Microarrays DNA Microarrays Protein Microarrays Tissue Microarrays Cell‐Based Microarrays (Transfection Microarrays) Principle Steps of an Experimental Microarray Process Basics Surface Biofunctionalization Preparation of Biomolecules (Sample Preparation) DNA RNA Proteins Target Amplification and Labeling PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction In Vitro Transcription – c DNA / IVT Bio‐Barcode Amplification of Nucleic Acids and Proteins Radioactive and Fluorophore Labeling Enzymes Nanoparticles Readout/Detection Radioactivity Fluorescence/Absorbance Surface Plasmon Resonance Examples of Biochip Applications in Biology and Medicine Genomic Research SNP Detection Gene Expression Profile Analysis Pharmacogenomics and Toxicogenomics Pathogen Detection and Clinical Diagnosis Pathogen Detection Clinical Diagnosis Trends in Biochip Research Metal Nanoparticles Quantum Dots Enzymes Conclusion