“…There have been several efforts to apply fluorescent CDs into the field of sensors [7], optoelectronics [3], energy storage [8], light-emitting diode (LED) [9], drug delivery [10], antibacterial [11,12], bioimaging [13,14], catalysis [15], etc. To date, different synthetic routes have been identified to prepare CDs including hydrothermal [16,17], solvothermal [18,19], ultrasonication [20][21][22], simple heating [23,24], arc discharge [25], microwave-assisted pyrolysis [26,27], laser ablation [2,28], electrochemical [29,30], etc. Initially, carbonaceous materials were utilized for the preparation of CDs resulting in lower quantum yields (QY) and limited solubilities.…”