Biocompatible, Crystalline, and Amorphous Bismuth-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery

Abstract

The synthetic flexibility of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high loading capacities and biocompatibility makes them ideal candidates for drug delivery system (DDS). Here, we report the use of CAU-7, a biocompatible bismuth-based MOF, for the delivery of two cancer drugs, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHC). We achieved loadings of 33 and 9 wt.% for DCA and α-CHC, respectively. Interestingly, CAU-7 showed a gradual release of the drugs, achieving time release up to 17 days for DCA and 31 days for α-CHC. We then performed mechanical and thermal amorphization processes to attempt to delay even more the delivery of guest molecules. With the thermal-treatment, we were able to achieve an outstanding 32% slower release of α-CHC from the thermal treated CAU-7. Using in vitro studies and endocytosis inhibitors, confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we also demonstrated that CAU-7 was successfully internalized by cancer cells, partially avoiding lysosome degradation. Finally, we showed that CAU-7 loaded either with DCA or α-CHC had a higher therapeutic efficiency compared with the free drug approach, making CAU-7 a great option for biomedical application.

Recent Progress on Luminescent Metal-Organic Framework-Involved Hybrid Materials for Rapid Determination of Contaminants in Environment and Food

“…CAU-7, a bismuth-based MOF with biocompatibility, was reported for the transportation of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and α-cyano-4hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHC). CAU-7 could load 33 wt % for DCA and 9 wt % for CHC, slowly releasing DCA for 17 days and CHC for 31 days [68], the result exhibited the therapeutic efficiency of CAU-7 was higher than the free drug approach. It's a research hotpot that engineering the MOFs to be effective acid-base tandem catalysts.…”

Biocompatibility and biodegradability of metal organic frameworks for biomedical applications

“…The MTS viability values for CAU-7 MOF showed biocompatibility in the range of the used concentrations and no significant difference compared to the untreated cells was observed. 93 The cytotoxicity of IRMOF 1-3 was tested on HepG2 cells with respect to the five concentrations of IRMOFs (5,10,15,20,25,30 and 35 mg mL -1 ). 39 The significant in-vitro cytotoxicity was not observed for different concentrations of IRMOFs (5,10,15,20,25,30 and 35 mg mL -1 ) and confirmed the biological safety of IRMOFs.…”

Zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) amorphous metal–organic frameworks (aMOFs): study of activation process and high-pressure adsorption of greenhouse gases

“…24 Published articles dealing with aMOFs have been demonstrated to be of potential in several elds, e.g. catalysis, [25][26][27][28] drug delivery, [29][30][31][32][33] supercapacitors [34][35][36] and irreversible harmful substance capture. 37,38 To study the porosity and textural properties of porous materials is necessary to activate them and thus obtain an open structure.…”