Biodegradability of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in the presence of the J774.2 macrophage cell line

Molinuevo

2008

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

Biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric scaffolds have been recently introduced for tissue regeneration purpose. In the present study we aimed to develop polymeric-based scaffolds for bone regeneration. Two polyesters, poly-β-propiolactone (PBPL), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCPL) and two polyfumarates, polydiisopropyl fumarate (PDIPF), polydicyclohexyl fumarate (PDCF) were chosen to prepare films which can support osteoblastic growth. Scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle were used to characterize the matrices. Biodegradation studies were performed both in PBS buffer and using an in vitro macrophage degradation assay. Mouse calvaria-derived MC3T3E1 cells and UMR106 rat osteosarcoma cell lines were used to perform biocompatibility and cytotoxicity studies. The polyesters, the most hydrophilic polymers studied, showed a rougher and more porous surfaces than the polyfumarates. Under acellular conditions, only PBPL was degraded by hydrolytic mechanisms. However, macrophages performed an active degradation of all polymeric films. Osteoblasts developed well-defined actin fibres without evidence of cytotoxicity when growing on the films. The number of UMR106 osteoblasts that adhered to the PBPL-based film was higher than that of the cells attached to the PECL and polyfumarates (PDIPF and PDCF) matrices. Both UMR106 and MC3T3E1 osteoblastic lines showed protein levels comparable to control conditions, demonstrating that they grew well on all surfaces. However, UMR106 cells showed a significant increase in proliferation on polyester-derived scaffolds (PBPL and PECL). The alkaline phosphatase activity of UMR106, an osteoblastic marker, was significantly higher than that of control plastic dishes. MC3T3E1 cells expressed similar levels of this differentiation marker in all polymeric matrices. We found similar collagen protein content after 48 h culture of UMR106 cells on all surfaces. However, important differences were evident in the MC3T3E1 line. In conclusion, the synthetic polymeric-based scaffold we have developed and studied supports adhesion, growth and differentiation of two osteoblastic cell lines, suggesting that they could be useful in bone tissue regeneration.

Section: Figure 3 Photographs Of Water Contact Angles For Films: (A)supporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocompatibility and biodegradation of polyester and polyfumarate based-scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Molinuevo

2008

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

Polymer Degradation and Stability

“…Notwithstanding, Mabileau et al [33] cultivated macrophages on poly(-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) surfaces and found that the erosive effect of the cells is highly depended on the cross-linking density of the material. In this study it can be seen a significant surface effect on the PCL-PHEA block copolymer that could be due to the synergic effect of the different polymer chains, favoring macrophage growth on the material surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable polyester networks including hydrophilic groups favor BMSCs differentiation and can be eroded by macrophage action

Fernández

Oberti

Vikingsson

et al. 2016

a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study is to show that introducing a small fraction of hydrophilic groups into a hydrophobic polyester favor the macrophage activity by accelerating the degradation action in aqueous media. It is also seen that differentiation of MSCs cultured in monolayer towards bone in specific differentiation media is favored in these materials with respect to the corresponding pristine polyesters. Polymer networks based in polycarpolactone or poly(L-lactide) and containing a small fraction of poly(-hydroxyethyl acrylate) have been synthesized. Degradation kinetics in vitro was monitored by mass loss and swelling capacity of the polymer network in good solvents, the later as representative of chain cleavage. Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation is accelerated by the inclusion of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) blocks in the network. Macrophages were cultured on the surface of the network films, showing its capacity to erode the material surface but also to accelerate bulk degradation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in monolayer on the membranes in osteogenic media, showing an increase of specific markers expression in comparison to pristine polyesters.

“…For these systems, a low level of impurities and complete removal of the degradation products at the site of administration is preferred. Therefore, the in vivo degradation and the processing of the insoluble residue by macrophages 47 and the mechanism of formation of cross-linked pHEMA are currently under investigation. Finally, the synthesis of dex-HEMA is optimized to avoid the formation of HEMA-DMAP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Microspheres Based on Cross-Linked Dextran

et al. 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro degradation of hydroxyl ethyl methacrylated dextran (dex-HEMA) microspheres. Dextran microspheres were incubated in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37°C, and the dry mass, mechanical strength, and chemical composition of the microspheres were monitored in time. The amount and nature of the formed degradation products were established for microspheres with different cross-link densities by FT-IR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), NMR, mass spectrometry, SEC analysis, and XPS (X-ray photoelectron microscopy). The dex-HEMA microspheres DS 12 (degree of HEMA substitution; the number of HEMA groups per 100 glucose units) incubated at pH 7.4 and 37°C showed a continuous mass loss, leaving after 6 months a residue of about 10% (w/w) of water-insoluble products. NMR, mass spectrometry, and SEC showed that the water-soluble degradation products consisted of dextran, low molecular weight pHEMA (M n ≈ 15 kg/mol), and small amounts of unreacted HEMA and HEMA-DMAP (intermediate reaction product of the Baylis-Hillman reaction of HEMA with DMAP (4-dimethyl aminopyridine)). Microscopy revealed that the waterinsoluble residue consisted of particles with shape and size similar to that of nondegraded microspheres. However, these particles had lost their mechanical strength as evidenced from micromanipulation experiments. FT-IR and XPS (X-ray photoelectron microscopy) revealed that these particles consisted of pHEMA, of which a small fraction was soluble in methanol (M n ranging between 27 and 82 kg/mol). The insoluble material likely consisted of lightly cross-linked pHEMA. In conclusion, in vitro degradation of dex-HEMA microspheres results in the formation of water-soluble degradation products (mainly dextran), leaving a small water-insoluble residue mainly consisting of pHEMA.