Biodegradable polyurethane foam as shoe insole to reduce footwear waste: Optimization by morphological physicochemical and mechanical properties

Mukherjee, Moumita; Andavan, Gurusamy Thangavelu Senthil; Chelike, Dinesh Kumar; Alagumalai, Ananthan; Das, B.; Jaisankar, Sellamuthu N.; Mandal, Asit Baran

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143966

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Footwear consumption across the world has reached 24.2 billion in 2018 causing dumping of synthetic polymers, increasing the environmental pollution. In order to overcome this problem, bio-degradable material like Polyurethane (PU) could eventually replace the existing materials [21].Deproteinised natural rubber latex (DPNR) could also be used as a therapeutic insole with an excellent pressure reduction and shock absorption property [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Analysis for Therapeutic Insoles

Paul

Kumar

Siva

2020

Preprint

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Background: Customized footwear with appropriate insole material for offloading is widely used for preventing ulceration indiabetic and leprosy affected patients.Methods: Finite element analysis was carried outon a 3 dimensionally modelledinsole. The insole was tested with the boundary condition of constant geometry, constant loading and varied material properties to identify the biomechanical behaviour of material.Results: The study demonstrates that Ethylene Vinyl Acetate and Micro Cellular Rubber reduce the elevated plantar pressure significantly in comparison to the other materials commonly used in fabricating foot orthosis.Conclusion: The comparison of the insole materials provides the health worker the required knowledge for selection of appropriate material for therapeutic insoles. The mechanical analysis of materials through the computer aided analysis would help therapeutic footwear designer to design, fabricate and use appropriate insoles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Analysis for Therapeutic Insoles

Paul

Kumar

Siva

2020

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, the hydrophilicity increased with an increase of the molecu weights of the PPGs. This may be attributed to the presence of more oxygen moieties a reduced roughness [31,32]…”

Section: Contact Angle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the degradation of polyurethane elastomers can happen by photo-thermal, ozonolytic, hydrolytic, chemical, enzymatic, in-vivo/in-vitro oxidative, biological, and mechanical degradation [ 30 ]. Recently we reported that biodegradable polyurethane foam is used in footware to reduce waste [ 31 ]. In this context, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) can be conveniently used for the study of thermal stability, such as the degradation temperatures and the stages of degradations of polyurethanes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking and Deblocking of Diisocyanate to Synthesize Polyurethanes

et al. 2021

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Diisocyanates, particularly toluene diisocyanate (TDI), are useful for the preparation of various polyurethanes with specific applications as leather-like materials, adhesives and insoles, etc. Blocking agents can be used for the operational simplicity and to reduce the hazards of TDI. In this paper, we reported the use of 3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-pyrazole to block toluene diisocyanate (TDI). FTIR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for the characterization. The effectiveness of the blocking was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. The DSC thermogram showed that blocked adducts deblock at 240 °C, causing the regeneration of TDI, and causing the diisocyanates to react with polyols of different molecular weights, forming polyurethanes. The characterization of the polyurethanes was performed by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and a contact angle study.

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“…Traditionally, foamed plastic polymer materials such as polyethylene (PE) foam, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, and polyurethane (PU) foam have been used in medical insoles [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In particular, polyurethane stands out as a material with excellent hardness, impact absorption, and rebound resilience for custom-made insoles for medical and sports applications [ 16 , 17 ]. On the other hand, the density and hardness of polyurethane foam are trade-offs [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Reliability of Parametrically Designed Architected Materials Using Urethane Elastomers

et al. 2021

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Achieving multiple physical properties from a single material through three-dimensional (3D) printing is important for manufacturing applications. In addition, industrial-level durability and reliability is necessary for realizing individualized manufacturing of devices using 3D printers. We investigated the properties of architected materials composed of ultraviolet (UV)-cured urethane elastomers for use as insoles. The durability and reliability of microlattice and metafoam architected materials were compared with those composed of various foamed materials currently used in medical insoles. The hardness of the architected materials was able to be continuously adjusted by controlling the design parameters, and the combination of the two materials was effective in controlling rebound resilience. In particular, the features of the architected materials were helpful for customizing the insole properties, such as hardness, propulsive force, and shock absorption, according to the user’s needs. Further, using elastomer as a component led to better results in fatigue testing and UV resistance compared with the plastic foam currently used for medical purposes. Specifically, polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate were deformed in the fatigue test, and polyurethane was mechanically deteriorated by UV rays. Therefore, these architected materials are expected to be reliable for long-term use in insoles.

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Biodegradable polyurethane foam as shoe insole to reduce footwear waste: Optimization by morphological physicochemical and mechanical properties

Cited by 40 publications

References 55 publications

Material Analysis for Therapeutic Insoles

Material Analysis for Therapeutic Insoles

Blocking and Deblocking of Diisocyanate to Synthesize Polyurethanes

Mechanical Properties and Reliability of Parametrically Designed Architected Materials Using Urethane Elastomers

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