Biodegradable, Stretchable and Transparent Plastic Films from Modified Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions

Paul, Uttam C.; Bayer, Gözde; Grasselli, Silvia; Malchiodi, Annalisa; Bayer, Ilker S.

doi:10.3390/polym14061199

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As reported in the literature [ 47 , 48 ], the two-stage thermal decomposition of TPU samples involves the degradation of the HS; urethane linkages in the first stage and SS; polyester polyol in the second stage. In Figure 3 b, the range 340–350 °C is associated with the degradation of the HS (T d1 ), and the range 389–390 °C indicates dissociation of the SS (T d2 ) [ 49 ]. TPU-0 and TPU-1 showed apparent two-step decomposition behavior, whereas TPU-3 showed less HS decomposition behavior in the first step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Bio-Based Polyester Polyol and Their Fiber Property

Kim

Hwang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Among the starting materials of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), it was confirmed that succinic acid-based polyester biopolyols having different molecular weights (Mn = 1000, 2000, and 4000) affect the physicochemical properties of the final polymer significantly. Bio-TPUs synthesized through a solvent-free one-shot polymerization process were synthesized with a polyester polyol, 1,4 butanediol (BDO), and 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in a molar ratio of 1:1:2. As a control group, one typical petroleum-based TPU was synthesized and characterized along with other bio-based TPUs. Representative petroleum-based and bio-based TPUs synthesized were manufactured as monofilaments with a diameter of about 0.2 mm through an extrusion process with different draw ratios (4, 5, and 6 times). The molecular weight and structural properties of the TPUs were characterized by GPC and FT-IR analysis and thermal characterization by DSC and TGA analysis. Petroleum-based TPU and bio-based TPU having the same molecular weight soft segment (SS) tended to have similar molecular weight and hard segment (HS) content. TPUs with high HS content had excellent thermal stability, enabling stable extrusion of TPUs. In addition, it was confirmed that the bio-based TPU fibers produced in this way had a tensile strength corresponding to the physical properties of petroleum-based TPU fibers and an excellent elastic recovery rate of almost 100 %. These results indicate the application potential of bio-TPU.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Bio-Based Polyester Polyol and Their Fiber Property

Kim

Hwang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Moreover, attempts have been made to produce biofilms from the proteins of insects reared on organic waste to overcome the competition with the market of plant- and animal-derived food products [ 207 ]. It is important to report that lab-scale experiments are ongoing to synthesize more biodegradable thermoset materials, starting from mixing agriculturally derived oils with traditional precursors of polyester-type PURs [ 166 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 ]. The advantage of these biodegradable materials is that they can be assimilated as a carbon source by environmental organisms or at dedicated composting sites without releasing microparticles and without the need to develop a specific biotechnology in an industrial setup.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Enzyme Biotechnology to Reach Plastic Waste Circularity: Current Status, Problems and Perspectives

Orlando

Molla

Castellani

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The accumulation of synthetic plastic waste in the environment has become a global concern. Microbial enzymes (purified or as whole-cell biocatalysts) represent emerging biotechnological tools for waste circularity; they can depolymerize materials into reusable building blocks, but their contribution must be considered within the context of present waste management practices. This review reports on the prospective of biotechnological tools for plastic bio-recycling within the framework of plastic waste management in Europe. Available biotechnology tools can support polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling. However, PET represents only ≈7% of unrecycled plastic waste. Polyurethanes, the principal unrecycled waste fraction, together with other thermosets and more recalcitrant thermoplastics (e.g., polyolefins) are the next plausible target for enzyme-based depolymerization, even if this process is currently effective only on ideal polyester-based polymers. To extend the contribution of biotechnology to plastic circularity, optimization of collection and sorting systems should be considered to feed chemoenzymatic technologies for the treatment of more recalcitrant and mixed polymers. In addition, new bio-based technologies with a lower environmental impact in comparison with the present approaches should be developed to depolymerize (available or new) plastic materials, that should be designed for the required durability and for being susceptible to the action of enzymes.

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“…The addition of plasticizers is required to process proteins adequately [ 26 ], as they reduce intermolecular interactions between protein chains, promoting the mobility of protein chains and, as a consequence, lowering the glass transition temperature (T g ) [ 27 ]. Thus, the formulation of bioplastics should be modified depending on the mechanical strength pursued for every application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zein as a Basis of Recyclable Injection Moulded Materials: Effect of Formulation and Processing Conditions

Alsadat-Seyedbokaei,

Felix,

Bengoechea

2023

Polymers

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The growing concern about reducing carbon footprint has led to the progressive replacement of traditional polymeric materials by natural-based biodegradable materials. However, materials from natural sources (i.e., plants) typically possess poorer mechanical properties when compared to conventional plastics. To counterbalance this, they need to be adequately formulated and processed to eventually meet the standards for certain applications. Zein is the major storage protein from corn and can be obtained as a by-product from the corn-oil industry. It is an excellent candidate for producing green materials due to its stability, biodegradability, renewability, and suitable mechanical and technical-functional properties. In the present work, zein was blended with a plasticizer (i.e., glycerol) at three different zein/glycerol ratios (75/25, 70/30, and 65/25) and then injection moulded at three different processing temperatures (120, 150, and 190 °C). The properties of both blends and bioplastics were evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile tests, and water absorption capacity (WUC). The properties–structure interrelation was assessed through a scanning electron microscope. Generally, a higher zein content and processing temperature led to a certain reinforcement of the samples. Moreover, all bioplastics displayed a thermoplastic behaviour finally melting at temperatures around 80 °C. The lack of massive crosslinking enabled this melting, which finally could be used to confirm the ability of zein based materials to be recycled, while maintaining their properties. The recyclability of thermoplastic zein materials widens the scope of their application, especially considering its biodegradability.

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Biodegradable, Stretchable and Transparent Plastic Films from Modified Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Bio-Based Polyester Polyol and Their Fiber Property

Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Bio-Based Polyester Polyol and Their Fiber Property

Microbial Enzyme Biotechnology to Reach Plastic Waste Circularity: Current Status, Problems and Perspectives

Zein as a Basis of Recyclable Injection Moulded Materials: Effect of Formulation and Processing Conditions

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