Biodegradation of plastics: A state of the art review

Bahl, Shashi; Dolma, Jigmat; Singh, Jaskaran; Sehgal, Shankar

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.096

Cited by 121 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The addition of hydrophilic SA fillers caused a large amount of water molecules to penetrate the composites and provided a boost to the hydrolysis degradation process. Additionally, the presence of microorganisms in soil promoted the enzymatic degradation of the composites [36]. The extensive polymer chain scission during the degradation in soil burial consequently decreased the thermal stabilities of the PLA/SA composites.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Degradation of Polylactic Acid/ Syzygium Aromaticum Composites Ageing in Outdoor Environment and Soil Burial

Budin

Maideen

Koay

et al. 2022

IIUMEJ

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Major environmental problems resulting from non-degradable components of plastic wastes have awakened great attention to bioplastic as an alternative material. Among various bioplastic materials, polylactic acid (PLA) is recognised as a promising material especially as a food packaging material. The development of PLA composites using various fillers has extensively been in focus in order to preserve the high quality, safety, and extended shelf-life of packed food. Among the interesting fillers is Syzygium aromaticum (SA). SA, also known as clove, has biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. This work investigated the effects of SA filler on the degradations of virgin PLA (VPLA) and recycled PLA (RPLA). The VPLA/SA composites and RPLA/SA composites were prepared using the solvent casting method. The content of SA filler varied in the range of 0 to 20 wt%. The composites were aged in outdoor environment and soil burial. The results revealed that the degradation rate was increased with the increase of SA filler in both ageing environments. After 10 weeks of ageing in the outdoor environment, the weight loss of VPLA/SA composites and RPLA/SA composites containing 20 wt% of SA were 7.7% and 12.8% respectively. Whereas in soil burial, the weight loss of VPLA/SA composites and RPLA/SA composites with similar SA content were 25.6% and 38.3% respectively. The degradation rate was observed to be more rapid in the soil burial as compared to the outdoor environment. Comparably, RPLA and RPLA/SA composites experienced higher degradation rates than VPLA and VPLA/SA composites. The degradation rate was consistent with scanning electron microscope (SEM) images which observed the formation of holes, cavities, cleavages, and grooves on the surfaces of the samples. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results on aged samples showed that VPLA/SA composites and RPLA/SA composites that had aged in soil burial decomposed at lower temperatures. The shortening of degradation time of the VPLA/SA composites and RPLA/SA composites could increase their potential to be used as food packaging materials. ABSTRAK: Masalah utama terhadap alam sekitar yang disebabkan oleh sisa plastik yang sukar terurai, telah menarik perhatian terhadap bioplastik sebagai bahan alternatif. Di antara pelbagai jenis bahan bioplastik sedia ada, asid polilaktik(PLA) dilihat sebagai bahan yang paling sesuai terutamanya sebagai bahan pembungkusan makanan. Perkembangan di dalam penghasilan komposit asid polilaktik yang ditambah dengan pelbagai bahan pengisi telah menjadi fokus terutamanya bagi tujuan meningkatkan kualiti, kesegaran dan jangka hayat makanan. Salah satu pengisi yang mendapat perhatian adalah Syzygium aromaticum (SA). SA yang juga dikenali sebagai bunga cengkeh mempunyai aktiviti biologi, seperti sifat antibakteria, antijamur, racun serangga dan antioksidan yang tinggi. Didalam kajian ini, siasatan terhadap kesan penambahan SA terhadap penguraian PLA asal (VPLA) dan PLA kitar semula (VPLA). Komposit VPLA/SA dan komposit RPLA/SA disediakan dengan menggunakan kaedah pelarutan pelarut. Kandungan pengisi SA adalah didalam julat 0 – 20% mengikut berat. Komposit tersebut dibiarkan menua didalam persekitaran luaran dan didalam tanah. Keputusan kajian mendapati bahawa kadar penguraian semakin meningkat dengan penambahan peratus berat bahan pengisi SA setelah melalui penuaan didalam kedua-dua persekitaran. Setelah penuaan selama10 minggu di dalam persekiran luaran, pengurang berat komposit VPLA/SA dan komposit RPLA/SA yang mengandungi 20 wt% SA adalah 7.7% dan 12.8%. Manakala bagi penuaan didalam tanah, pengurangan berat komposit VPLA/SA dan komposit RPLA/SA dengan kandungan SA yang sama masing-masing adalah 25.6% dan 38.3%. Kadar penguraian diperhatikan lebih cepat bagi penuan didalam tanah dibandingkan dengan penuaan didalam persekitaran luaran. Disamping itu, RPLA dan komposit RPLA/SA mengalami kadar penguraian yang lebih tinggi berbanding VPLA dan komposit VPLA/SA. Kadar penguraian adalah konsisten dengan imej yang dihasilkan oleh imbasan mikroskop elektron (SEM) dimana dapat dilihat pembentukan lubang, rongga, pembelahan dan alur di permukaan sampel. Hasil analisis termogravimetri (TGA) terhadap sampel yang telah dituakan menunjukkan bahawa komposit VPLA/SA dan komposit RPLA/SA yang melalui penuaan didalam tanah terurai pada suhu yang lebih rendah. Tempoh penguraian komposit VPLA/SA dan komposit RPLA/SA yang lebih pendek ini meningkatkan potensi penggunaannya komposit ini sebagai bahan pembungkusan makanan.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Degradation of Polylactic Acid/ Syzygium Aromaticum Composites Ageing in Outdoor Environment and Soil Burial

Budin

Maideen

Koay

et al. 2022

IIUMEJ

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“…La alta demanda que existe actualmente hacia productos no biodegradables como son los plásticos, produce su acumulación en cualquier matriz, debido a su gran capacidad para transportarse y distribuirse por los ríos y océanos del mundo (Windsor et al, 2019), generando la muerte de especies por ingesta de cuerpos extraños, por enredarse en ellos (Duncan et al, 2019), y a su vez, por modificar los ecosistemas (Monteiro et al, 2018). A pesar de ser compuestos sintéticos de alto peso molecular y cadena larga (Bahl et al, 2020), pueden quedarse suspendidos en el aire al descomponerse y fraccionarse, ocasionando problemas respiratorios representando un riesgo de mayor magnitud para quien se encuentra expuesto a estos (Ribeiro et al, 2019).…”

Section: Impacto De Plásticos Y Residuos Agroindustriales En El Ambienteunclassified

Valorización de Residuos de Bagazo de Caña y Plásticos para la Generación de Compuestos Energéticos

Correa-Gallego¹,

Villegas-Bolaños²

2021

Producción + Limpia

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El consumo desmedido y la demanda energética a nivel mundial han generado la necesidad de incorporar los desechos plásticos y de origen agroindustrial a procesos de valorización, para obtener productos energéticos alternativos a partir de tratamientos termoquímicos como la pirólisis rápida, en la cual se generan productos sólidos, líquidos y gaseosos. Desarrollar metodologías que permitan realizar un reciclaje y/o aprovechamiento de residuos generados de diversas industrias, en específico, la polimérica y la agroindustrial, es de suma importancia, dada la contaminación crónica y el impacto ambiental en ecosistemas naturales, cuerpos hídricos y fauna. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los impactos ambientales de la alta generación de residuos plásticos y agroindustriales, así como determinar la relación entre las condiciones de operación y el rendimiento y selectividad de los productos generados con las características fisicoquímicas de los catalizadores empleados en la pirólisis rápida en pro de la valorización de dichos residuos. Lo anterior se realizó mediante una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos reconocidas para obtener artículos de investigación actualizados y con validez científica. Se encontró que la pirólisis catalizada presenta una mejora respecto al rendimiento y distribución de los productos según la fase activa seleccionada en la que la naturaleza de los metales usados conduce a diversas rutas químicas y por ende, a productos ricos en hidrocarburos.

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“…The natural origin of this type of materials makes them biodegradable—susceptible to chemical processes that lead to the decomposition of biochemical substances. The decomposition is done by microorganisms [ 9 ]. The biopolymers are well suited for biocomposites (composites that are produced from renewable raw materials) manufacturing due to their biodegradability, no-toxicity, and natural origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Biocidal Compounds of Plant Origin as Biodegradable Materials Modifiers

Pawłowska

Stepczyńska

2021

J Polym Environ

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The article presents a literature review of the plant origin natural compounds with biocidal properties. These compounds could be used as modifiers of biodegradable materials. Modification of polymer material is one of the basic steps in its manufacturing process. Biodegradable materials play a key role in the current development of materials engineering. Natural modifiers are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and renewable. The substances contained in natural modifiers exhibit biocidal properties against bacteria and/or fungi. The article discusses polyphenols, selected phenols, naphthoquinones, triterpenoids, and phytoncides that are natural antibiotics. Due to the increasing demand for biodegradable materials and the protection of the natural environment against the negative effects of toxic substances, it is crucial to replace synthetic modifiers with plant ones. This work mentions industries where materials containing natural modifying additives could find potential applications. Moreover, the probable examples of the final products are presented. Additionally, the article points out the current world’s pandemic state and the use of materials with biocidal properties considering the epidemiological conditions.

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Biodegradation of plastics: A state of the art review

Cited by 121 publications

References 29 publications

Comparative Study on Degradation of Polylactic Acid/ Syzygium Aromaticum Composites Ageing in Outdoor Environment and Soil Burial

Comparative Study on Degradation of Polylactic Acid/ Syzygium Aromaticum Composites Ageing in Outdoor Environment and Soil Burial

Valorización de Residuos de Bagazo de Caña y Plásticos para la Generación de Compuestos Energéticos

Natural Biocidal Compounds of Plant Origin as Biodegradable Materials Modifiers

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