Bioderived “Green” Composite from Soy Protein and Eggshell Nanopowder

Rahman, Muhammad M.; Netravali, Anil N.; Tiimob, Boniface J.; Rangari, Vijaya K.

doi:10.1021/sc5003193

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…For neat epoxy resin, many layered structures or sharp cracks can be seen in Figure 7a. Many studies have reported this appearance to be the distinctive brittle fracture surface of thermoset resins [43,44]. However, after adding ERFs to epoxy resins, the resins decrease in brittle features and sharp crests on the fracture surfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Epoxy Resins Toughened with Surface Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber Fibers by One-Step Electrospinning

Kim

2017

Materials

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Epoxidized natural rubber fibers (ERFs) are developed through one-step electrospinning and directly deposited into epoxy resins without collecting and distributing of fibers. The shape of ERFs shows rough surface due to different evaporation rate of solvent mixture consisting of chloroform and dichloromethane and the average diameter of ERFs is 6.2 µm. The increase of ERFs loading from 0 to 20 wt % into the epoxy resin increases the fracture strain significantly from 1.2% to 13% and toughness from 0.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa by a factor of 7. However, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus decrease about 34% from 58 MPa to 34 MPa and from 1.4 GPa to 0.9 GPa, respectively. Due to the crosslinking reactions between oxirane groups of ERFs and amine groups in the resin, surface roughness and the high aspect ratio of ERFs, ERFs result in more effective toughening effect with the minimum loss of tensile properties in epoxy resins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Epoxy Resins Toughened with Surface Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber Fibers by One-Step Electrospinning

Kim

2017

Materials

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“…Figure (a,b) shows the ATR‐FTIR spectra of as‐synthesized and coated nEHA. Both spectra contain the characteristic peaks at 1091, 1026, 962, 610, and 560 cm −1 for phosphate stretching vibration modes (υ 3, υ 3, υ 1, υ 4 , and υ 2 of PO 4 − , respectively) . The band at 1450 cm −1 is from dissolved CO 2 during the wet chemical synthesis of nEHA which was liberated during the NaPA adsorption process in nEHA .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is, in fact, the prime inorganic constituent (65–70%) of bone and hard tissue matrix that is indirectly bound to collagen through some noncollagenous proteins such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, or osteonectin in nanocrystal form . It has two binding sites, Ca 2+ and PO 4 − , which possess affinity toward biological macromolecules such as proteins . Synthetic HA has attracted much attention as a reinforcing material in biomedical applications because of its excellent functional properties including biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, nontoxicity, and bioactivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐inspired “green” nanocomposite using hydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell waste and soy protein

Rahman

Netravali

Tiimob

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Eco-friendly and inexpensive "green" nanocomposites with enhanced functional performances were developed by combining nanoscale hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized from eggshell waste (nEHA) and protein-based polymer extracted from defatted soybean residues. nEHA was synthesized from chicken eggshells using an energy efficient microwave-assisted wet chemical precipitation method. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies confirmed the nanometer scale (diameter: 4-14 nm and length: 5-100 nm) of calcium-deficient (Ca/P ratio 1.53) needle-like HA. Uniform dispersion of nEHA in soy protein isolate (SPI) solution was obtained by modifying nEHA surface using a polyelectrolyte (sodium polyacrylate) dispersant via irreversible adsorption. Green nanocomposite films were prepared from SPI and surface-modified nEHA with the help of a natural plasticizer "glycerol" by solution casting. Significant improvements in tensile modulus and strength were achieved owing to the inclusion of uniformly dispersed nEHA in SPI sheets. Overall, this work provides a green pathway of fabricating nanocomposites using naturally occurring renewable polymer and inorganic moieties from eggshell waste that emphasizes the possibilities for replacing some petroleum-based polymers in packaging and other applications.

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“…Soymeal is readily available in large quantities with annual production of around 172 million metric tons, low cost ($0.18-0.25 per lb) and good biodegradability as a coproduct from edible oil and bio-diesel production (Xu and Hanna 2009;Robert et al, 2014). Soymeal has been used as fillers or extenders of plastics (Wang et al, 1996), plywood bonding agent (Kumar et al, 2002), additives or coating of paper (Selling et al, 2013;Arboleda et al, 2014;Salam et al, 2015) and protein-based composites (Matthews et al, 2011;Khansari et al, 2013;Rahman et al, 2014) or scaffolds for tissue engineering (Huang et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2014). However, consumption of soymeal in the above application areas could be low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of soymeal compositions in textile sizing

Zhao¹,

Xu²,

Mu³

et al. 2016

Industrial Crops and Products

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a b s t r a c tSoymeal, which contains natural plasticizer and tackifier, has been used to fabricate biodegradable and low-cost warp sizes, with potential for replacing non-biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sizes for large-quantity industrial applications. Warp sizes from soyprotein isolates (SPI) have been reported as a potential substitute for PVA sizes, which contribute to high chemical oxygen demand in textile effluents and cause serious water pollution. However, sizes from SPI are high in cost and need additional plasticizers to overcome brittleness of films. In this research, the developed low-cost soymeal sizes contain soyprotein as majority and saccharides/saponified-oil from soymeal as minorities. Comparing to films from triethanolamine-plasticized SPI sizes, the soymeal size had about 30.1, 25.2 and 8.3% higher film flexibility, adhesion to yarns and abrasion resistance, respectively. Saccharides in soymeal and saponified oil formed during size extraction functioned as plant-based additives with capability of improving adhesion of protein sizing pastes to cotton and/or polyester yarns and increasing elongation of protein-based size films. Successful utilization of soymeal in textile sizing will lead to its large-quantity application, resulting in high value addition to agricultural byproducts and profound impact on soybean industry and textile industry.

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Bioderived “Green” Composite from Soy Protein and Eggshell Nanopowder

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

RETRACTED: Epoxy Resins Toughened with Surface Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber Fibers by One-Step Electrospinning

RETRACTED: Epoxy Resins Toughened with Surface Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber Fibers by One-Step Electrospinning

Bio‐inspired “green” nanocomposite using hydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell waste and soy protein

Functions of soymeal compositions in textile sizing

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