Biodiesel as an Additive for Diesohol

Biofuel that Keeps Glycerol as Monoglyceride by 1,3-Selective Ethanolysis with Pig Pancreatic Lipase Covalently Immobilized on AlPO4 Support

“…Besides, ethanol not spent in the enzymatic process remains in the reaction mixture in such a way that after the reaction the product blend obtained can be directly used as a fuel. In this respect, very recent studies [70][71][72] have proven that blends of diesel fuel and ethanol with biodiesel produced a slightly less maximum power output than regular diesel. No significant difference in the emissions of CO 2 , CO, and NO x between regular diesel and biodiesel, ethanol and diesel blends was observed, but the use of these blends resulted in a reduction of particulate matter.…”

“…Consequently such blends can be used in a DI diesel engine without any modification taking into account the limited changes obtained respect to the use of pure diesel. Thus, the ecodiesel expression is currently ascribed to whichever blend of fatty acid alkyl ester with ethanol, alone or with any proportion of diesel fuel [70][71][72][73].…”

Use of Biofuels in Compression Ignition Engines: Potential of Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends

“…Such dependency on oil is due to transportation sector, that represented, in 2015,32.5% of the final energy consumption and 57% of the oil products consumption [EPE, 2016]. Figure 3 gives the distribution of the different fuels used in the transportation sector over the period .…”

“…According to the decennial plan (2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021)(2022)(2023)(2024) Compared to 2015, it is expected an increase of 27% of the diesel fuel demand that can be associated to the increase of 58% of the number of light vehicle fueled with diesel fuel over the same period.…”

“…Figure 3 gives the distribution of the different fuels used in the transportation sector over the period . It can be seen in this figure that, among petroleum products, diesel fuel continues to represent an essential source for the Brazilian economy (44.4% of the derivates from petroleum used in transportation sector in 2015) due to its intense use in ground transportation area cargo and passenger public transportation ( Figure 3) [EPE, 2016].…”