Biodiesel production from renewable feedstocks: Status and opportunities

Borugadda, Venu Babu; Goud, Vaibhav V.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.010

Cited by 285 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Global dependence on fossil fuels has resulted in emissions that contribute to global warming (Höök & Tang, 2013). Petroleum-based fuels lead to the emission of polluting gases such as CO2, HC, NOx and SOx (Borugadda & Goud, 2012). In 2008, nearly 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide were produced from fossil fuel use, double that of 1970 (Dai et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from Three Microalgae Transesterification Processes using Different Homogenous Catalysts

Cercado¹,

Ballesteros²,

Capareda³

2018

IJTech

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Biodiesel was produced using three different alkali catalysts, namely KOH, NaOH and LiOH. The aim of the study was to determine which of these is the most effective as far as Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) yield is concerned in producing biodiesel from microalgae. Three different transesterification processes were considered; conventional, microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted. The study was able to show that NaOH and KOH generated far better FAME values compared to LiOH in all three transesterification processes. The introduction of microwave or ultrasound in the transesterification slightly increased the FAME yield by 5% and cut the reaction time by 50%. The best FAME yield was attained when the optimum process parameters were a methanol to oil ratio of 12:1; a catalyst load of 2% for NaOH and 3% for KOH; a reaction time of 12 minutes; and a microwave output power rate of 600 watts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from Three Microalgae Transesterification Processes using Different Homogenous Catalysts

Cercado¹,

Ballesteros²,

Capareda³

2018

IJTech

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“…Castor plant is primitively a tree or shrub that can grow in most tropical and subtropical countries above 10 m high, reaching an age up to 4 years [30]. Especially, castor plant needed a temperature between 15 and 38°C with lower humidity throughout the growing season in order to receive maximum oil yields [30,31]. Castor oil is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with mild/no odor or no taste, on an average CO seed contains about 46-55% oil by weight [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oil fraction of castor seeds contains a higher amount of the ricinoleic acid as a hydroxylated fatty acid, and this unique structure has given a unique identity to this biological source for industrial synthesis of the variety of compounds [32]. Around the globe, India is the world's largest exporter of castor oil, and the other major producers are China and Brazil [30]. The total world production of castor seeds is estimated around one million tons, and the oil extracted is about 500,000 tons with productivity of 470 kg of oil per hectare [30,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around the globe, India is the world's largest exporter of castor oil, and the other major producers are China and Brazil [30]. The total world production of castor seeds is estimated around one million tons, and the oil extracted is about 500,000 tons with productivity of 470 kg of oil per hectare [30,33]. Irrespective of castor seed origin, season in which it has grown, its fatty acid composition remains unique [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Borugadda

Goud

2015

Energy Science & Engineering

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In this paper, an eco-friendly single-step process for the synthesis of biolubricant basestock from high free fatty acid (FFA) castor oil (CO) via epoxidation reaction was investigated. Influence of various process parameters on the structural modification of CO and their interaction with the maximum oxirane oxygen content (OOC) was optimized. Central composite design (CCD) as one of the tools in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of process variables on maximum OOC. Iodine value (IV) and OOC was used to monitor the progress of epoxidation. From the RSM study, the optimal condition inferred was H 2 O 2 , 1.65 mol; catalyst loading, 15.14 wt%; temperature, 52.81°C; and reaction time, 2.81 h. At this optimum condition, OOC was found to be 3.85 mass%. Further, the epoxide product was confirmed by 1 H, 13 C NMR spectral technique and OOC was determined by the standard HBr method. Finally, the significant physico-chemical properties for the prepared epoxide were determined and compared with the castor oil. 372

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“…Generally, biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be produced primarily from oils or lipids of food crops, waste food by-products [2] and microalgae [3,4]. Biodiesel obtained from energy crops not only affects the environment more favorably, but also can help develop new industries, such as the agro-energy industry, thereby creating employment opportunities and boosting regional development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation for Biodiesel Purification Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Wei

Huang

et al. 2014

Energies

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Abstract:In recent years, biodegradable and alternative biodiesel has attracted increased attention worldwide. Producing biodiesel from biomass involves critical separation and purification technology. Conventional technologies such as gravitational settling, decantation, filtration, water washing, acid washing, organic solvent washing and absorbent applications are inefficient, less cost effective and environmentally less friendly. In this study supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) with few steps and a low environmental impact, was used for biodiesel fractionation from impure fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) solution mixes. The method is suitable for application in a variety of biodiesel production processes requiring subsequent stages of purification. The fractionation and purification was carried out using continuous SC-CO 2 fractionation equipment, consisting of three columns filled with stainless steel fragments. A 41.85% FAME content solution mix was used as the raw material in this study. Variables were a temperature range of 40-70 °C, pressure range of 10-30 MPa, SC-CO 2 flow rate range of 7-21 mL/min and a retention time range of 30-90 min. The Taguchi method was used to identify optimal operating conditions. The results show that a separated FAME content of 99.94% was verified by GC-FID under optimal fractionation conditions, which are a temperature of 40 °C of, a pressure level of 30MPa and a flow rate of 7 mL/min of SC-CO 2 for a retention time of 90 min. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 825

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Biodiesel production from renewable feedstocks: Status and opportunities

Cited by 285 publications

References 209 publications

Biodiesel from Three Microalgae Transesterification Processes using Different Homogenous Catalysts

Biodiesel from Three Microalgae Transesterification Processes using Different Homogenous Catalysts

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Fractionation for Biodiesel Purification Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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