Biodiesel Production from Spent Coffee Grounds Oil

Abstract

Biodiesel has been considered as an alternative fuel to replace conventional oil in the world. Biodiesel development has reached blending for 30% and has been implemented by Indonesia since 2020. Sources for biodiesel production vary, as is well known, mostly from CPO, raw vegetable oil, used cooking oil, and animal fats. The utilization of waste as raw material for biodiesel can provide additional energy while reducing the amount of existing waste. Spent coffee grounds is an alternative raw material for biodiesel production. The coffee consumption in Indonesia in 2020 increased to 13.9% compared to 2019 which leads to a large amount of unutilized spent coffee grounds. This research focused on producing biodiesel from Indonesian commercial RTD coffee and Indonesian freshly brewed coffee; the coffee oil was extracted from spent coffee grounds which later the coffee oil became the main component for the biodiesel production process. The direct esterification showed a promising result for biodiesel production with Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) content 78.7% for commercial RTD coffee and 69.2% for freshly brewed coffee sample by varying methodologies for both sample direct esterification and direct transesterification.

Characteristics and Identification of the Metabolite Profile of Arabica Coffee Oil by Using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

“…Pentadecanoic acid (CAS) Pentadecylic acid appeared at peak 9 have retention time 19.044 and an area of 19.91% at Figure 5. Research conducted by Chuaca et al (2022) also found the same components in coffee oil compositions from RTD coffee, with the retention time of 17.525 and area of 2.72%. Pentadecanoic acid was also found in Arabica coffee bean oil at a retention time of 19,151 and an area of 4.08%.…”

“…Nugraha et al (2020) stated that on ari's coffee beans also contained hexadecanoic acid at a retention time of 16,196 and an area of 11.48%. Chuaca et al (2022) also stated in coffee oil compositions from freshly brewed coffee there was also a retention time of 11,396 and an area of 0.02% and retention time of 11,277 and an area of 1.05% at coffee oil compositions from RTD coffee. This compound was a fatty acid found in both arabica and robusta coffee oil extracts, besides palmitic acid is found in green beans coffee and roasted beans coffee.…”

“…Coffee oil compositions from RTD coffee has linoleic acid with retention time 16.935 and area 0.74%, while coffee oil compositions from freshly brewed coffee has linoleic acid with retention time 19.501 and area 2.89%. Linoleic acid is one of is one of the fatty acids that can be used for biodiesel (Chuaca et al, 2022). This compound is an antioxidant compound and in the study Lamona & Nurman (2018) it was concluded that arabica ground coffee has an oil component, one of which is linoleic acid, which retention time 21.198 and area 2.61%.…”

Internal and External Factors Competitiveness of Sinia. Co Coffee Shop in Lampung Province

“…These examples demonstrate the difficulties that coffee businesses confront while procuring raw supplies and the resulting influence on pricing methods. Chuaca et al (Chuaca et al, 2022) and Nurani et al (Nurani et al, 2022) explore the impact of raw material availability and manufacturing costs on coffee product pricing. Coffee businesses frequently experience difficulties due to insufficient raw supplies and expensive fees.…”

Experimental study on fuel consumption and smoke opacity of defective coffee-bean-based biodiesel fuel engines

“…However, biodiesel is still less economical when compared to petroleum diesel [31,32]. One of the raw materials for making biodiesel in Indonesia is coffee beans [33]. Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producing country, after Brazil, Vietnam, and Columbia [34].…”