Biodiesel production over a catalyst prepared from biomass-derived waste date pits

Abstract

HighlightsValorization of abundantly available waste date pits biomass.Synthesized carbon catalyst possesses pore size >5 suitable for transesterification.Green carbon catalyst found to be highly efficient and provided a biodiesel yield of 98.2%.Produced biodiesel possessed acceptable fuel properties as per ASTM and EN standards.

Review on the Use of Diesel–Biodiesel–Alcohol Blends in Compression Ignition Engines

“…Al-Muhtaseb et al [44] dealt with the oil extracted from the powder of date palms pits (i.e., the hard seeds growing inside date palms), which was used to synthesize a renewable heterogeneous catalyst named "the green carbon catalyst", which was subsequently modified by an alkaline earth-metal (CaO) oxide. Consequently, the biodiesel process has been optimized featuring a maximum yield of 98.2%.…”

Co-transesterification of waste cooking oil, algal oil and dimethyl carbonate over sustainable nanoparticle catalysts

“…In this section, the optimum biodiesel yield was achieved at the 3% catalyst loading, reaction temperature of 80 °C for 20 mins. It was found that a lower catalyst loading of 3% could lead to a higher biodiesel yield compared to previous similar studies on the effect of catalyst loading on the biodiesel yield [19] , [25] . Besides, the reaction temperature and time were both relatively low in comparison to previous research on transesterification of waste oil for clean fuel production [24] .…”

Valorisation of Fruits, their Juices and Residues into Valuable (Nano)materials for Applications in Chemical Catalysis and Environment

“…The waste biomass residues from date palms has been deployed for biodiesel production as pits provide a unique source for biofuel preparation and energy thus avoiding the utilization of the plant edible parts for biofuel production. [47] Coconut is an elongate and round fruit of white, fibrous and oily meat covered by a hairy, brown and thick shell; its oil has antifungal, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties and can be used for the fabrication of metal NPs. [48][49][50] Plums are annually produced in~11,000,000 tons in the world and have been used as raw precursors for industrial utilization as exemplified by the extraction of oil and polyphenols from plum kernel and pomace.…”

“…The antioxidative activities of this fruit emanates from the flavonoids and total phenolic of palm dates [45] (Figure 10) [46] which serve as reducing and stabilizing agents. The waste biomass residues from date palms has been deployed for biodiesel production as pits provide a unique source for biofuel preparation and energy thus avoiding the utilization of the plant edible parts for biofuel production [47] …”