Bioengineering and Cancer Stem Cell Concept

Stem cell transplant: From cell harvesting to cryopreservation

“…As a result, the number of patients transplanted by PB-SCs is ever increasing worldwide, especially in autologous SC transplant setting (about 80% of allogeneic and almost of 100% autologous transplants). On the other hand, the main disadvantage of the use of PB-SCs is high-level T-cell quantity with following elevated risk of graft versus host disease (GvHD), as well as possible "contamination" of harvest with tumor cell [2][3][4].…”

“…When donor mobilization with G-CSF is poor, the only way to improve yields is to increase the blood volume processed or the number of collections. In autologous donors, doses of recombinant grow factor are higher -patients are given 12-16 μg/kgbm G-CSF daily, combined with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 4-7 g/m 2 ) or by poly-chemotherapy in corresponding doses [2][3][4].…”

“…Precisely, it was demonstrated that for a CD34 + ≥ 20-40/μL of patient's PB the possibility of the CD34 + yield in harvest ≥ 2.5 × 10 6 cells/kgbm is about 60% or more using one large volume leukapheresis (LVL). Of course, higher CD34 + number in circulation results in superior yield [2][3][4][12][13][14].…”

“…A multifactorious network of interactive mediators controls the survival (self-renewal), proliferation and differentiation of SCs in bone marrow (BM), including extracellular matrix and microenvironment provided by stromal cells [1,2]. These cells -macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic, endothelial and other cellsstimulate SCs by producing hematopoietic cytokines, such as SC-factor, interleukins, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and other growth factors [1][2][3]. Immature SCs have a capacity for self-renewal, a high potential for proliferation and differentiation into pluripotent or committed progenitors and mature blood cells.…”

“…The SC transplants involve myeloablation (high-dose chemotherapy), followed by (re)infusion of harvested autologous or allogeneic cells. Similar procedure with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) can be offered to patients who are disqualified for intensive conditioning protocolbecause of their age or comorbidity [1][2][3][4].…”