Biofilm formation and transcriptome analysis of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus in response to lysozyme

Abstract

Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is a commensal bacterium of the human gastrointestinal tract, and a pathogen causing infective endocarditis and other biofilm-associated infections via exposed collagen. This study focuses on the characterization of the biofilm formation and collagen adhesion of S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus under different conditions. In this study, it has been observed that the isolate UCN 34 is resistant to 20 mg/ ml lysozyme in BHI medium, whereas the strain BAA-2069 builds more biofilm in the presence of lysozyme compared to in a control of BHI without lysozyme. A transcriptome analysis with whole genome microarrays of these two isolates in BHI medium with lysozyme compared to control without lysozyme revealed changes in gene expression levels. In the isolate BAA-2069, 67 genes showed increased expression in the presence of lysozyme, while in the isolate UCN 34, 165 genes showed increased expression and 30 genes showed decreased expression through lysozyme treatment. Products of genes which were higher expressed are in involved in transcription and translation, in cell-wall modification, in hydrogen peroxide resistance and in bacterial immunity. Furthermore, the adhesion ability of different strains of S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus to collagen type I and IV was analyzed. Thereby, we compared the adhesion of 46 human isolates with 23 isolates from animals. It was shown that the adhesion ability depends significantly on whether the isolate was isolated from human or animal. For example, high adhesion ability was observed for strain UCN 34 isolated from an infective endocarditis patient, whereas strain DSM 16831 isolated from koala feces adhered only marginally to collagen. Full genome microarray analysis of these two strains revealed strain-dependent gene expression due to adhesion. The expression of 25 genes of a transposon and 15 genes of a phage region in strain DSM 16831 were increased, which corresponds to horizontal gene transfer. Adherence to collagen in strain UCN 34 led to higher expression of 27 genes and lower expression of 31 genes. This was suggestive of a change in nutrient uptake.

The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members

“…In contrast, SGG considered as commensals and isolated from human feces, pigeons and ruminants including the SGG type strain rarely bound to collagen type I, III and IV (Table 3 ). Similar differences were also observed between SGG from infected vs. SGG from healthy humans featuring high vs. low adhesion, respectively (Grimm et al, 2018 ). SGG NCTC8133 and SGP strain ATCC43144 were only shown to bind collagen type IV whereas SGP DSM15351 T strains displayed no adhesion to collagen type I and IV.…”

“…Most SGG strains derived from human blood cultures of IE or bacteremia patients, pigeons suffering from streptococcosis ( SGG and SGP ) and SL strains derived from sea otters with IE, but also fecal and dairy SBSEC isolates displayed binding to collagen type IV. In contrast, binding to collagen type I was a feature mostly associated with human blood-derived SGG, SGP, SII and SL isolates and partially also with SGM isolates (Vanrobaeys et al, 2000a ; Sillanpää et al, 2008 ; Vollmer et al, 2010 ; Boleij et al, 2011b ; Counihan et al, 2015 ; Grimm et al, 2018 ). Among a panel of human and food-derived SII and SL as well as dairy SGM , adhesion to collagen type I and IV was particularly present in human blood isolates (Boleij et al, 2011b ; Jans et al, 2016 ).…”

Proteome of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Changes Significantly with Aging

“…Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase ( prs ) is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in multiple metabolisms-associated pathways including pentose phosphate and the glycolytic pathway. The high abundance of ribose may lead to metabolic change associated with TCA cycle stress and biofilm formation [ 28 , 29 ]. A cytoplasmic enzyme 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase belongs to pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis was also upregulated.…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Expression in Dermacoccus abyssi HZAU 226 under Lysozyme Stress

“…H 2 O 2 treatment of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus under heat shock, and lysozyme treatment of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus also induced the overexpression of such genes [44][45][46], which indicated that lysozyme treatment was related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”