Biofloc technology: an eco-friendly “green approach” to boost up aquaculture production

Zafar, Abu; Rana, Masud

doi:10.1007/s10499-021-00781-8

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This demonstrates that biofloc with a tapioca-based group extensively increases the microbial floc, which is an additional protein source for fish. Also, tapioca has a higher carbohydrate content (90%) than wheat and sugarcane molasses; it may promote microbial growth more successfully [46]. The current study is consistent with the study reported by Rind et al [6], in which tapioca is a carbon source that enhances the growth performance of Nile tilapia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources Improved Growth, Haematology, Nonspecific Immunity, and Resistivity against the Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

Tasleem,

Alotaibi,

Masud

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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Biofloc technology (BFT) is one of the most sustainable aquaculture system, which is based on the principle of nutrient recycling and addition of carbon to enable heterotrophic microorganisms to the system. To evaluate the performance of the biofloc culture system for Cyprinus carpio fingerlings, a 60-day growth trial was conducted. The fingerlings (n = 600) of average body weight (4.92 g ± 0.14) were stocked in 12 circular fiberglass tanks (300 L, volume 10.59 cft) to form three biofloc treatments (T1, T2, and T3) along with one control group. The carbon sources for treatments were sugarcane molasses, tapioca, and wheat. The C/N ratio of 15 was maintained for all treatments. After 60 days of rearing, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, and the relative percentage survival (RPS) was observed over 14 days. A haematological, nonspecific immune, and stress parameters were analyzed using blood and serum samples collected at intervals of 20, 40, and 60 days. According to the results, the carbon sources affected the water quality parameters but were still adequate for fish welfare. An increased biofloc volume was observed with tapioca. Growth performance and better feed conversion ratio were recorded in biofloc with the tapioca group. The hematological parameters, including haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly (P <0.05) higher in biofloc-based tapioca group than in other treatments and control. Further, the serum protein, globulin, albumin, total immunoglobulin, and respiratory burst activity were also found significantly (P <0.05) higher in biofloc with tapioca as carbon source. However, the lysozyme activity was higher in biofloc with the wheat group. The RPS in tapioca was significantly higher, followed by biofloc with wheat. In conclusion, the tapioca-based biofloc can improve C. carpio growth, haematology, and nonspecific immune response under zero water exchange.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources Improved Growth, Haematology, Nonspecific Immunity, and Resistivity against the Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

Tasleem,

Alotaibi,

Masud

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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“…BFT is a sustainable and eco‐friendly aquaculture boosting method, which relies on stabilizing the carbon:nitrogen ratio for the amelioration of water quality inside the culture system and making it possible to minimize water exchange (Khanjani et al, 2022; Zafar & Rana, 2022). It is an ingenious technology that converts toxic nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia and nitrite into beneficial microbial protein (Avnimelech, 1999; Avnimelech, 2009; Crab et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an ingenious technology that converts toxic nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia and nitrite into beneficial microbial protein (Avnimelech, 1999; Avnimelech, 2009; Crab et al, 2012). The carbon source fortification serves as a substrate for the production of heterotrophic bacteria (Khanjani et al, 2021; Zafar & Rana, 2022). It thereby develops biofloc in the culture system, which constitutes a diverse form of microbiota such as phytoplankton, bacteria, grazers of the bacteria, protozoa, and aggregates of living and dead particulate organic matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of different stocking densities and carbon:nitrogen ratios on growth, body composition and production performance of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) spawn in biofloc based‐nursery system

Dey

Tibile

Pawase

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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“…Biofloc technology offers a sustainable pollution-free and cost-effective cultivation approach by improving water quality through the production of microbial proteins within the aquatic agroecosystem, subsequently enhancing the growth, health and survival of cultivated animals [ 20 , 21 ]. This technology is considered a new blue revolution in the aquaculture sector which will not only meet the growing demand for quality animal protein, but also tackle major environmental, water scarcity, and animal health/disease issues [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial inoculums improve growth and health of Heteropneustes fossilis via biofloc-driven aquaculture

et al. 2023

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Biofloc technology aims to maximize fish farming productivity by effectively breaking down ammonia and nitrite, promoting healthy flocculation, and enhancing the growth and immunity of cultured animals. However, a major limitation in this field is the suitable starter microbial culture and narrow number of fish species that have been tested with the biofloc system. Here, we investigated various microbial inoculum containing beneficial microbes with probiotics, immunostimulatory and flocs development and bioremediation properties would lead to the development of ideal biofloc development. Three treatment groups with different microbial combinations, viz., group 1 [Bacillus subtilis (AN1) + Pseudomonas putida (PB3) + Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC-2601)], group 2 [B. subtilis (AN2) + P. fluorescens (PC3) + S. cerevisiae (ATCC-2601)] and group 3 [B. subtilis (AN3) + P. aeruginosa (PA2) + S. cerevisiae (ATCC-2601)] were used and compared with the positive control (pond water without microbial inoculums) and negative control (clear water: without microbial inoculums and carbon sources) on biofloc development and its characteristic features to improve the water quality and growth of fish. We demonstrated that microbial inoculums, especially group 2, significantly improve the water quality and microbiota of flocs and gut of the test animal, Heteropneustes fossilis. The study further demonstrates that biofloc system supplemented with microbial inoculums positively regulates gut histomorphology and growth performance, as evidenced by improved villous morphology, amylase, protease and lipase activity, weight gain, FCR, T3, T4 and IGF1 levels. The inoculums induced an antioxidative response marked by significantly higher values of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, the supplementation of microbial inoculums enhances both specific and non-specific immune responses and significantly elevated levels of immune genes (transferrin, interleukin-1β and C3), and IgM was recorded. This study provides a proof-of-concept approach for assessing microbial inoculums on fish species that can be further utilized to develop biofloc technology for use in sustainable aquaculture.

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Biofloc technology: an eco-friendly “green approach” to boost up aquaculture production

Cited by 13 publications

References 86 publications

Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources Improved Growth, Haematology, Nonspecific Immunity, and Resistivity against the Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources Improved Growth, Haematology, Nonspecific Immunity, and Resistivity against the Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

Evaluation of different stocking densities and carbon:nitrogen ratios on growth, body composition and production performance of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) spawn in biofloc based‐nursery system

Microbial inoculums improve growth and health of Heteropneustes fossilis via biofloc-driven aquaculture

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