Biofluid lipidome: a source for potential diagnostic biomarkers

Ghosh, Arkasubhra; Nishtala, Krishnatej

doi:10.1186/s40169-017-0152-7

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The lipid profile of small infants has been proposed as nutritional biomarkers of the infant metabolism 1,2 . Lipidomics is now considered an appropriate tool, not only to monitor the ongoing nutritional processes but also the future development of diseases 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phospholipid Profile at 4 Months Predicts the Onset of Celiac Disease in at-Risk Infants

Auricchio

Galatola

Cielo

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Celiac disease (CeD) is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental risk factors. CeD genetic components are mainly due to HLA class II genes, which account for approximately 40% of the disease heritability. The environmental factor is linked to gliadin ingestion. Despite genetic and epigenetic studies, the pathological molecular mechanism remains unclarified. The strong genetic component does not explain more than half of the hereditability; we identified several epigenetic features that contribute to the understanding of the missing hereditability. The lipid profile of infants has been proposed as a potential biomarker of CeD metabolism that can be measured before they exhibit developmental disorders and clinical symptoms. We suggest that the state of the host is a main factor for the abnormal immune response to gluten. Long before any exposure to the offending agent or any production of specific antibodies, several molecular mechanisms are differentially expressed in infants who will develop CeD compared to their peers matched for the same genetic profile. The present study explored the serum phospholipid profile of a group of infants at risk for celiac disease, followed up to 8 years to monitor the onset of CeD. We compared 30 patients who developed the disease with 20 age- and sex-matched peers with similar genetic profiles who did not develop the disease within 8 years. Serum phospholipids were analysed at 4 months, before exposure to gluten, and at 12 months of age, when none showed any marker of disease. In the 30 CeD patients, we also analysed the serum at the time of diagnosis (>24 months). The serum phospholipid profile was fairly constant across 4 and 12 months of age and, in CeD, up to 24–36 months. The phospholipid signature was dramatically different in infants who developed CeD when compared to that of control NY-CeD (Not Yet developing Celiac Disease) peers. We identified a specific serum phospholipid signature that predicts the onset of celiac disease in HLA at-risk infants years before the appearance of antibodies specific for CeD in the serum and before any clinical symptoms, even before gluten introduction into the diet at 4 months. Specifically, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, alkylacyl-phosphatidylcholine, phosphoethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were found to be differentially represented in CeD versus NY-CeD. A set constituted by a limited number of alkylacyl-phosphatidylcholine and lyso-phosphatidylcholine, together with the duration of breast-feeding, allows the discrimination of infants who develop celiac disease before 8 years of age from those at a similar genetic risk who do not develop the disease. In addition to recent discovery, our paper unveiled a specifc phopholipid profile, able to discriminate infants who eventually develop celiac disease years before antibodies or clinical symptoms ensue.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phospholipid Profile at 4 Months Predicts the Onset of Celiac Disease in at-Risk Infants

Auricchio

Galatola

Cielo

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…For example, prolonged lymphopenia [79, 80], CD64 expression on neutrophils [81, 82], Tregs increase [83, 84], prolonged depletion of dendritic cells [85], increased PD-1/PD-L1 expression on monocytes and neutrophils [86, 87], and increased BTLA expression on innate immune cell population [88] all have been shown to associate with disease severity and mortality. To date, unbiased -omics approaches to profile proteome [89], lipidome [90], glycome [91], metabolome [92], exome [93], and (epi-)genome [94, 95] are also extending precision oncology and start to be explored in ICU critical care in an attempt to create new predictive biomarkers [96] (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Profiling Necroinflammation In Biofluids Of Critically Ill Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the way for precision medicine v2.0 in intensive care by profiling necroinflammation in biofluids

Berghe

Hoste

2018

Cell Death Differ

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Current clinical diagnosis is typically based on a combination of approaches including clinical examination of the patient, clinical experience, physiologic and/or genetic parameters, high-tech diagnostic medical imaging, and an extended list of laboratory values mostly determined in biofluids such as blood and urine. One could consider this as precision medicine v1.0. However, recent advances in technology and better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying disease will allow us to better characterize patients in the future. These improvements will enable us to distinguish patients who have similar clinical presentations but different cellular and molecular responses. Treatments will be able to be chosen more "precisely", resulting in more appropriate therapy, precision medicine v2.0. In this review, we will reflect on the potential added value of recent advances in technology and a better molecular understanding of necrosis and inflammation for improving diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. We give a brief overview on the mutual interplay between necrosis and inflammation, which are two crucial detrimental factors in organ and/or systemic dysfunction. One of the challenges for the future will thus be the cellular and molecular profiling of necroinflammation in biofluids. The huge amount of data generated by profiling biomolecules and single cells through, for example, different omic-approaches is needed for data mining methods to allow patient-clustering and identify novel biomarkers. The real-time monitoring of biomarkers will allow continuous (re)evaluation of treatment strategies using machine learning models. Ultimately, we may be able to offer precision therapies specifically designed to target the molecular set-up of an individual patient, as has begun to be done in cancer therapeutics.

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“…Due to the increasing evidences that associate lipids to different biological processes, diseases and even cell signaling , these have gained a significant relevance over the last years leading to the emergence of a new research field: lipidomics.…”

Section: Ion Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitable simple and fast methods for selective isolation of phospholipids as a tool for their analysis

et al. 2018

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Lipids are gaining relevance over the last 20 years, as our knowledge about their role has changed from merely energy/structural molecules to compounds also involved in several biological processes. This led to the creation in 2003 of a new emerging research field: lipidomics. In particular the phospholipids have pharmacological/food applications, participate in cell signalling/homeostatic pathways while their analysis faces some challenges. Their fractionation/purification is, in fact, especially difficult, as they are amphiphilic compounds. Moreover, it usually involves SPE or TLC procedures requiring specific materials hampering their suitableness for routine analysis. Finally, they can interfere with the ionization of other molecules during mass spectrometry analysis. Thus, simple high-throughput reliable methods to selectively isolate these compounds based on the difference between chemical characteristics of lipids would represent valuable tools for their study besides that of other compounds. The current review work aims to describe the state-of-the-art related to the extraction of phospholipids using liquid-liquid methods for their targeted isolation. The technological and biological importance of these compounds and ion suppression phenomena are also reviewed. Methods by precipitation with acetone or isolation using methanol seem to be suitable for selective isolation of phospholipids in both biological and food samples.

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Biofluid lipidome: a source for potential diagnostic biomarkers

Cited by 38 publications

References 113 publications

A Phospholipid Profile at 4 Months Predicts the Onset of Celiac Disease in at-Risk Infants

A Phospholipid Profile at 4 Months Predicts the Onset of Celiac Disease in at-Risk Infants

Paving the way for precision medicine v2.0 in intensive care by profiling necroinflammation in biofluids

Suitable simple and fast methods for selective isolation of phospholipids as a tool for their analysis

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