Biofouling dynamic and its impact on ship powering and dry-docking

Hadžić, Neven; Gatin, Inno; Uroić, Tessa; Ložar, Viktor

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110522

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The total resistance coefficient (C T ) of a fully submerged submarine is made up of the viscous pressure resistance coefficient (C P ) and the friction resistance coefficient (C F ), as shown in Equation (7). Note that the friction resistance coefficient on the submarine will be slightly greater than the flat plate resistance coefficient often quoted [11].…”

Section: Effect Of Biofouling On Submarine Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofouling will also reduce sonar efficiency and increase self-noise, therefore reducing antisubmarine warfare effectiveness [4]. It has also been pointed out [6,7] that biofouling has the consequence of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Biofouling is a significant financial burden to shipping companies through increased fuel consumption and associated maintenance costs; however, the application of antifouling coatings harms marine life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofouling is a significant financial burden to shipping companies through increased fuel consumption and associated maintenance costs; however, the application of antifouling coatings harms marine life. Thus, methods to better understand how to optimize the use of antifouling coatings and drydocking costs have been developed [7]. In addition, a technique for estimating the effect of biofouling on shaft power using onboard sensors has been developed [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Analysis of Biofouling Effect on Submarine Resistance and Wake

Utama,

Farhan,

Nasirudin

et al. 2023

JMSE

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It is well known that biofouling increases a ship’s resistance and nominal wake. For submarines, any change to the circumferential variation of the nominal wake in the propeller plane will affect the variation of the flow over the propeller blade, and hence the fluctuating forces, and noise, generated by the propeller. The ANSYS FLUENT commercial Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics solver was used to investigate the influence of both the longitudinal and vertical distribution of biofouling on the resistance and wake, including the circumferential variation of the nominal wake, on a submarine, using the well-known Suboff standard submarine. For the present work, the k-ε turbulence model was selected, as this is commonly used in this field and is generally considered acceptable. To handle different boundary layer thicknesses in the flow fields, the whole y+ formulation was employed, enabling automatic switching between low and high Reynolds boundary wall models. The numerical solver used for the simulations is based on the finite volume method, which discretizes the RANS equations. In this approach, a segregated model was utilized in the solver, and the convection terms were discretized using the second-order upwind scheme to enhance solution accuracy. The criteria for the near wall are between 30 and 100, and the value of y+ for the present case is 84. It is shown that fouling over only the forward third of the submarine results in a greater increase in resistance than fouling over only the aft third. Fouling over only the lower half of the submarine results in greater resistance than fouling over only the forward third, but less than fouling over the whole of the hull. Fouling over only the forward third of the hull has less influence on the circumferential variation of the wake than fouling over the aft third only of the hull. The results show the importance of keeping the forward area of the hull clean when considering resistance only, whereas keeping the aft area of the hull clean is important when considering the uniformity of the nominal wake into the propeller.

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Section: Effect Of Biofouling On Submarine Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Analysis of Biofouling Effect on Submarine Resistance and Wake

Utama,

Farhan,

Nasirudin

et al. 2023

JMSE

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“…2 Creating roughness on submerged surfaces increases drag force, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. 3 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has even warned that if corrective measures are not taken for paint and antifouling coatings, then CO 2 emissions will double by 2030. 4 Unfortunately, this industry's antifouling paints and coatings contain dangerous toxins such as Diuron, Econea, Irgarol 1051, and SeaNine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural phenomenon of biofouling (the process of accumulation, attachment, and growth of marine microorganisms, plants, and animals on submerged surfaces in the sea) causes significant losses in the relevant industrial activities, marine transportation, and aquaculture . Creating roughness on submerged surfaces increases drag force, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling-Resistant Behavior of Hydrophobic Surfaces Based on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Modified by Green rGO@ZnO Nanocomposites

Soleimani,

Jannesari,

Yousefzadi

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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In line with global goals to solve marine biofouling challenges, this study proposes an approach to developing a green synthesis inspired by natural resources for fouling-resistant behavior. A hybrid antifouling/foul release (HAF) coating based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) containing a green synthesized nanocomposite was developed as an environmentally friendly strategy. The nanocomposites based on graphene oxide (GO) and using marine sources, leaves, and stems of mangroves (Avicennia marina), brown algae (Polycladia myrica), and zinc oxide were compared. The effectiveness of this strategy was checked first in the laboratory and then in natural seawater. The performance stability of the coatings after immersion in natural seawater was also evaluated. With the lowest antifouling (17.95 ± 0.7%) and the highest defouling (51.2 ± 0.9%), the best fouling-resistant performance was for the coatings containing graphene oxide reduced with A. marina stem/zinc oxide (PrGZS) and graphene oxide reduced with A. marina leaves/zinc oxide with 50% multiwall carbon nanotubes (PrGZHC50), respectively. Therefore, the HAF coatings can be considered as developed and eco-friendly HAF coatings for the maritime industry.

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