Biofunctionalization of surfaces using polyelectrolyte multilayers

Abstract

Biomaterials play a central role in modern strategies in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to restore the structure and function of damaged or dysfunctional tissue and to direct cellular behavior. Both biologically derived and synthetic materials have been extensively explored in this context. However, most materials when implanted into living tissue initiate a host response. Modern implant design therefore aims to improve implant integration while avoiding chronic inflammation and foreign body reactions, and thus loss of the intended implant function. Directing these processes requires an in-depth understanding of the immunological processes that take place at the interface between biomaterials and the host tissue. The physicochemical properties of biomaterial surfaces (charge, charge density, hydrophilicity, functional molecular domains, etc.) are decisive, as are their stiffness, roughness and topography. This review outlines specific strategies, using polyelectrolyte multilayers to modulate the interactions between biomaterial surfaces and biological systems. The described coatings have the potential to control the adhesion of proteins, bacteria and mammalian cells. They can be used to decrease the risk of bacterial infections occurring after implantation and to achieve better contact between biological tissue and implants. In summary, these results are important for further development and modification of surfaces from different medical implants.

Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles, a review

“…To ensure the biocompatibility of particles composed of these toxic metals, 56 limited dissolution should be ensured, for instance via a gold coating, 57,58 or polyelectrolytes. 59 To specically target a cell type or to increase the particle dispersion in uids, surface functionalization of particles may be necessary. 60,61 Towards this goal, the deposition of a gold layer on the particle surface allows the graing of organic molecules through self-assembly of thiolates on the gold surface.…”

“…To ensure the biocompatibility of particles composed of these toxic metals, 56 limited dissolution should be ensured, for instance via a gold coating, 57,58 or polyelectrolytes. 59 …”

Lead-binding biogenic polyelectrolyte multilayer coating for lead retention in perovskite solar cells

“…The self-assembly of the polyelectrolyte multilayers was performed manually using the LbL technique. [20][21][22][23][24] First, an activating monolayer of PEI (0.01 monomer mol L −1 in H 2 O, pH ∼ 7) was deposited onto the substrate for 10 minutes and rinsed extensively with ultrapure water (3 × 2 minutes). The PEM-assembly on top of the activating monolayer of PEI was performed at room temperature by consecutively dipping the substrates into the alginate (polyanion) or polylysin (polycation) solution (both 1 mg mL −1 in PBS, pH 7.2) for 30 s each.…”