Biogas upgrading methods: recent advancements and emerging technologies

Struk, Martin; Kushkevych, Ivan; Vítězová, Monika

doi:10.1007/s11157-020-09539-9

Cited by 65 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In the case of polyimide UBE membrane, the limiting values of the power excess index of 32.4 kW th kW el −1 and 51.3 kW th kW el −1 translate to the specific energy of 0.33 and 0.21 kWh el m −3 (STP), respectively. This corresponds well to data reported by Scholz et al (0.28-0.32 kWh el m −3 (STP)) for the system with the biogas flow rate of 1000 m 3 (STP) h −1 [19] and by Struk et al (0.14-0.26 kWh el m −3 (STP)) as a general index for membrane biogas upgrading processes [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Intensive research and development work is focused on new methods of processing biomass into components for motor fuels and chemicals [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Biogas, which is a by-product of the biological decomposition of organic substances under anaerobic conditions, belongs to the important renewable energy sources (RES) [1,7,8]. Apart from landfills and sewage treatment plants, it may come from biogas plants processing the agricultural or food industry waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membrane processes compete with other separation methods by compact module setups, easy scaling-up of the continuous process, low energy consumption (due to the lack of phase transitions) and no need for additional sorbents [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. As limitations, both the necessity to compress the gas to pres-sures of 1-2 MPa [7,8,12,15,[22][23][24][25] and the initial preparation of biogas [7,[10][11][12]14,22,23] are mentioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading Biogas from Small Agricultural Sources into Biomethane by Membrane Separation

2021

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The agriculture sector in Poland could provide 7.8 billion m3 of biogas per year, but this potential would be from dispersed plants of a low capacity. In the current study, a membrane process was investigated for the upgrading biogas to biomethane that conforms to the requirements for grid gas in Poland. It was assumed that such a process is based on membranes made from modified polysulfone or polyimide, available in the market in Air Products PRISM PA1020 and UBE UMS-A5 modules, respectively. The case study has served an agricultural biogas plant in southern Poland, which provides the stream of 5 m3 (STP) h−1 of biogas with a composition of CH4 (52 vol.%), CO2 (46.3 vol.%), N2 (1.6 vol.%) and O2 (0.1 vol.%), after a pretreatment. It was theoretically shown that this is possible to obtain the biomethane stream of at least 96 vol.% of CH4 purity, with the concentration of the other biogas components below their respective thresholds, as required in Poland for gas fuel “E”, with methane recovery of up to 87.5% and 71.6% for polyimide and polysulfone membranes, respectively. The energetic efficiency of the separation process is comparable for both membrane materials, as expressed by power excess index, which reaches up to 51.3 kWth kWel−1 (polyimide) and 40.7 kWth kWel−1 (polysulfone). In turn, the membrane productivity was significantly higher in the case of the polyimide membrane (up to 38.3 kWth m−2) than those based on the polysulfone one (up to 3.13 kWth m−2).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading Biogas from Small Agricultural Sources into Biomethane by Membrane Separation

2021

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“…If the right cultivation conditions were designed and optimized, this method might be technically simple and very cheap. Application of these bacteria in industry might be the use of their ability to survive in the environment with hydrogen sulfide and the ability to remove it from this environment [ 45 ]. Using GSB and PSB to purify hydrogen sulfide-contaminated water might be very cheap and technically simple.…”

Section: Application Of Anoxygenic Phototrophs In Hydrogen Sulfide Detoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Photolithotrophic Sulfur Bacteria and Their Role in Detoxication of Hydrogen Sulfide

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic compound that can affect various groups of water microorganisms. Photolithotrophic sulfur bacteria including Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae are able to convert inorganic substrate (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) into organic matter deriving energy from photosynthesis. This process takes place in the absence of molecular oxygen and is referred to as anoxygenic photosynthesis, in which exogenous electron donors are needed. These donors may be reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. This paper deals with the description of this metabolic process, representatives of the above-mentioned families, and discusses the possibility using anoxygenic phototrophic microorganisms for the detoxification of toxic hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, their general characteristics, morphology, metabolism, and taxonomy are described as well as the conditions for isolation and cultivation of these microorganisms will be presented.

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“…This technology is based on the use of microbial consortia capable of efficient application even on a small scale. Biofiltration is one of the most important methods used in this field [22,23]. The final product is biomethane typically containing 95-99% of CH 4 , 1-5% of CO 2 , and a significantly low level of H 2 S [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

et al. 2021

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Biogas is one of the most attractive renewable resources due to its ability to convert waste into energy. Biogas is produced during an anaerobic digestion process from different organic waste resources with a combination of mainly CH4 (~50 mol/mol), CO2 (~15 mol/mol), and some trace gasses. The percentage of these trace gases is related to operating conditions and feedstocks. Due to the impurities of the trace gases, raw biogas has to be cleaned before use for many applications. Therefore, the cleaning, upgrading, and utilization of biogas has become an important topic that has been widely studied in recent years. In this review, raw biogas components are investigated in relation to feedstock resources. Then, using recent developments, it describes the cleaning methods that have been used to eliminate unwanted components in biogas. Additionally, the upgrading processes are systematically reviewed according to their technology, recovery range, and state of the art methods in this area, regarding obtaining biomethane from biogas. Furthermore, these upgrading methods have been comprehensively reviewed and compared with each other in terms of electricity consumption and methane losses. This comparison revealed that amine scrubbing is one the most promising methods in terms of methane losses and the energy demand of the system. In the section on biogas utilization, raw biogas and biomethane have been assessed with recently available data from the literature according to their usage areas and methods. It seems that biogas can be used as a biofuel to produce energy via CHP and fuel cells with high efficiency. Moreover, it is able to be utilized in an internal combustion engine which reduces exhaust emissions by using biofuels. Lastly, chemical production such as biomethanol, bioethanol, and higher alcohols are in the development stage for utilization of biogas and are discussed in depth. This review reveals that most biogas utilization approaches are in their early stages. The gaps that require further investigations in the field have been identified and highlighted for future research.

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Biogas upgrading methods: recent advancements and emerging technologies

Cited by 65 publications

References 97 publications

Upgrading Biogas from Small Agricultural Sources into Biomethane by Membrane Separation

Upgrading Biogas from Small Agricultural Sources into Biomethane by Membrane Separation

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Photolithotrophic Sulfur Bacteria and Their Role in Detoxication of Hydrogen Sulfide

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

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