Biogenic Fabrication of Iron/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Application

Abstract

Enshrined in this review are the biogenic fabrication and applications of coated and uncoated iron and iron oxide nanoparticles. Depending on their magnetic properties, they have been used in the treatment of cancer, drug delivery system, MRI, and catalysis and removal of pesticides from potable water. The polymer-coated iron and iron oxide nanoparticles are made biocompatible, and their slow release makes them more effective and lasting. Their cytotoxicity against microbes under aerobic/anaerobic conditions has also been discussed. The magnetic moment of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles changes with their interaction with biomolecules as a consequence of which their size decreases. Their biological efficacy has been found to be dependent on the shape, size, and concentration of these nanoparticles.

Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Based on Natural Stabilizers and Their Antibacterial Applications

“…The most popular mechanism of MNPs for the interaction with bacteria is that the positively charged metal MNPs binds with negatively charged bacterial plasma membrane through electromagnetic attraction . When the attraction is made, the microbes get oxidized and die instantly.…”

Self-Assembly of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Into Cuboidal Superstructures

“…[5] Iron oxide nanoparticles are also used in environmental application. [6] Suitably coated with catalysts or enzymes, these nanoparticles can be used as cleaning agent, which can be extracted by external magnetic fields. In addition these particles can be easily detected.…”

Biofabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles by leaf extract of Rhamnus virgata: Characterization and evaluation of cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials

“…Among these metals, iron oxide (IO)NPs have potentially gained the attention of the scientific community due to their unique properties and potential applications in biomedicine, diagnostics, therapeutics, bioremediation, cosmetics and materials engineering . Currently, IONPs have been used in the controlled release of drugs in tissue repairing, diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors through magnetic resonance imaging . These diverse applications of NPs can be attributed to their remarkable properties, such as higher surface area, small band gap (2.1 eV) and stability …”

“…Green synthesis of IONPs has been achieved using plant extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis , Azadirachta indica , Sageretia thea , Lawsonia inermis , Amaranthus dubius , Camellia sinensis and Padina pavonica . Rhamnus virgata , a large shrub/small tree armed with pointed spines, is widely distributed in Pakistan (Swat, Kashmir), China and India.…”