Bioinspired Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Early‐Fire Perception System Based on VO₂ Optical Switch

Abstract

The continuation of human civilization has always been accompanied by symbiosis and confrontation with fire. Particularly, humans can comprehensively recognize fire situations based on various sensory receptors in organs (eyes, skin, nose, etc.), further forming a sound fire perception system by in‐the‐brain recording, modeling, and understanding fire behaviors, leading to the most accurate fire treatments. If a sensing perception system can mimic human perceptual behavior and carry out real‐time fire recognition, such an active defense system can achieve real fire safety. Here, inspired by the brain‐centered perception system, an early‐fire perception system enabled by a VO2‐based temperature‐flame‐modulated optical switch, and a machine‐learning‐assistant demodulation algorithm is reported. This approach creates real‐time monitoring composed of early fire warning (1 s for candle flame and 4 s for 130 °C heat flow), fire cause recognition (95.7% accuracy in identification), and evacuation advice provision, advancing the technologies in the perception system that enable future sensors the comprehensive perception capability for fire state.

2D MXenes for Fire Retardancy and Fire‐Warning Applications: Promises and Prospects

“…4 compares the contribution of MXene-, GO-and BPbased fire retardants to flame retardancy and mechanical properties of TPU. [10,15,57,59,62,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91] Overall, MXene derivatives present comparable performances with GO and BPbased counterparts in terms of both the PHRR reduction and the increase in tensile strength (σ t ). As shown in Figure 16a, 2.0 wt.% Zr-MXene enables TPU to show a PHRR reduction up to 63%.…”

“…The excellent fire retardancy can help sensors keep a structural integrity during a flame attack and thus provide reliable fire warning signals. [3] On top of that, the MFNC coating [10,15,57,59,62,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91] www.afm-journal.de www.advancedsciencenews.com…”

“…Upon exposure to flame, smoke, or heat, the sensor is triggered to send fire-warning signals prior to a fire event. [3,9,10] Traditional fire sensors however only can be activated after the combustion occurs. For example, a smoke sensor can only be triggered when the concentration of smoke reaches a threshold.…”

“…Comparisons of flame-retardant performances. Comparisons of MXene, graphene oxide, and black phosphorus nanofillers in terms of the PHRR reduction of a) TPU and b) EP composites as a function of nanofiller concentration by weight [10,15,57,59,62,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91].…”

Distinguishing thermoelectric and photoelectric modes enables intelligent real-time detection of indoor electrical safety hazards

“…In recent years, a lack of sufficient attention toward indoor electricity safety has led to a concerning rise in safety hazards, such as incidents involving overheating and fire. [1][2][3][4][5] Additionally, incorrect air conditioning temperature settings can contribute to health issues and other potential risks. [6][7][8][9] The utilization of indoor intelligent sensors, equipped with real-time temperature detection and response capabilities, presents a ''two birds with one stone'' solution to tackle both electrical and health hazards.…”