Bioinspired Plasmonic Nanosensor for on-Site Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Urine Samples

Abstract

Delayed use of appropriate antibiotics for superbugs, particularly for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pn), has caused extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, rapid and on-site antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently required. Unfortunately, currently, no phenotypic AST can realize a sample-to-answer result within 2 h directly from a clinical sample and without using laboratory equipment or customized devices. Inspired by observing that E. coli and K. pn can rapidly catalyze H2O2, we developed a plasmonic nanosensor that responds to the proliferation of bacteria for realizing rapid AST. The results can be determined with the naked eye, digitized using a smartphone, and validated using ultraviolet–visible spectrometry. Our assay achieved superb area under the curves of 0.9752 and 1 in a receiver operating characteristic analysis directly obtained from uncultured clinical urine samples infected by E. coli and K. pn, respectively. The entire process from sample collection to analysis takes 100 min for E. coli and 85 min for K. pn detection. Our platform provides a practical approach for performing on-site AST in clinics to improve the survival of patients. It releases the burden of superbugs and avoids the abuse of antibiotics.

An Overview of Polymer Composite Films for Antibacterial Display Coatings and Sensor Applications

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A capillary-based centrifugal indicator equipped with in situ pathogenic bacteria culture for fast antimicrobial susceptibility testing

“…Colorimetricbased microfluidic methods makes use of different metabolic capabilities of bacteria toward specific substrates to determine the bacterial growth through the color difference. [24][25][26] Despite the advantage of direct readout, the susceptibility to environmental factors and the difficulty of preparing specialized substrates still limited further applications. In addition, dropletbased microfluidic AST also demonstrated capability for highthroughput screening, which presented great potential for rapid and integrated single-cell measurements.…”

Recent Advances in Colorimetric Sensors Based on Gold Nanoparticles for Pathogen Detection

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