“…Even so, PDA capsules are oen in the bulked or collapsed state aer airdrying, indicating a moderate mechanical strength. 4,6,7,9,10,12,22,37,38 Especially, although PDA have emerged as a very attractive precursor for nitrogen-doped carbon materials, preparation of hollow carbon particles or carbon capsules by carbonization of PDA involves multiple steps including PDA coating of hard templates, carbonization and template removing. 30,31,33,34 Carbonization of PDA coated templates might lead to the contamination of the carbon materials by the underlying templating materials, which can be avoid by direct carbonization of pure PDA capsules into carbon capsules.…”