Bioinspired superwetting surfaces for biosensing

Abstract

Inspired by nature, scientists and researchers have studied the wetting behaviors on various creatures and mimicked their structures to fabricate diverse functional superwetting materials. As one kind of emerging application, the bioinspired superwettable surfaces used for biosensing have been aroused wide interests. In this review, we summarized the recent developments of bioinspired superwettable surfaces in the field of biosensing. In the first part, superwettable creatures in nature, namely, superhydrophobic self-cleaning lotus leaf, high-adhesion superhydrophobic rose petal, amphiphobic springtail, patterned wetting desert beetles, slippery pitcher plant, were introduced. In sequence, we successively described the special wetting models of superhydrophobicity, superamphiphobicity, responsive wettability, patterned wettability, and slipperiness. Then, biosensing applications based on the respective patterned wettable, superhydrophobic, responsive wettable, and slippery substrates that were combined with the common detection approaches (colorimetry, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electrochemistry) were shown in detailed. At last, an insight of remaining challenges and future development for bioinspired superwetting materials applied in biosensing was provided.

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“…Induced by the electric effects by the on/off of mechanical switch, the wettability of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT layer in Na 2 SO 4 aqueous solutions changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity, so as to release the small molecules, such as methylene blue, fluorescein sodium and rhodamine 6 G from the FDRD, realizing the controllable and continuable release of drug. Different from the traditional detecting techniques, visual assay in detection have attracted lots of researchers' attention, which is mainly dependent on the changes of wetting behaviors under stimuli, including the static and dynamic state [165] . In virtue of rapid pH-responsive switchable superwettability between superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic, Jiang's team implemented a platform of naked-eye point-of-care testing for detecting pH, glucose and urea sensitively and visually just by observing the droplets state on the surface, so as to obtain the non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes for quantitative biosensing (Fig.…”

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