Biological Activity of Propolis Ointment with the Addition of 1% Nanosilver in the Treatment of Experimentally-Evoked Burn Wounds

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to assess the pharmacological efficacy of ointments containing 1% propolis and 1% nanosilver, compared to the conventional treatment of burn wounds. In the evaluation of the results, we used clinical observation of scars, microbiological examinations, pathomorphological examinations, and analysis of free radicals. The analysis of the experiment results concerning the therapeutic effectiveness of the propolis ointment revealed its wide-ranging antibacterial action (against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). The 1% propolis ointment was found to accelerate neoangiogenesis and epithelialization, have a positive effect on the healing of burn wounds, improve the cosmetic look of scars, and have no side-effects. The analysis of free radicals in burn wounds showed impressive activity of the 1% nanosilver ointment in the reduction of free radicals. No synergism of pharmacological activity of propolis and nanosilver was shown. A comparative evaluation of the acquired research material allows us to provide a favorable opinion on the topical treatment of burn wounds with 1% propolis. The obtained results show that the 1% propolis ointment reduces healing time, offers antimicrobial action, and has a positive effect on the normal process of scar formation.

Therapeutic potential of propolis in alleviating inflammatory response and promoting wound healing in skin burn

“…The findings on propolis' actions regarding neovascularization and angiogenesis have shown contradicting results. In some studies, propolis positively affects angiogenesis (Abdel-Wahed et al, 2013;Nindra et al, 2021;Staniczek et al, 2021;Sungkar et al, 2021), and in other studies it negatively affects angiogenesis (Chikaraishi et al, 2010;Lima et al, 2014;Melo et al, 2018). Sungkar et al (2021) reported that EEP from Mount Lawu, Indonesia has angiogenic effects or promotes angiogenesis through decreased malondialdehyde blood levels and IL-6 blood levels, and an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blood levels.…”

“…T A B L E 1 List of research using propolis for wound care in different forms of topical delivery systems. Moon et al, 2018;Staniczek et al, 2021;Stojko et al, 2020).…”

“…The findings on propolis' actions regarding neovascularization and angiogenesis have shown contradicting results. In some studies, propolis positively affects angiogenesis (Abdel‐Wahed et al, 2013; Nindra et al, 2021; Staniczek et al, 2021; Sungkar et al, 2021), and in other studies it negatively affects angiogenesis (Chikaraishi et al, 2010; Lima et al, 2014; Melo et al, 2018).…”

“…It increased the collagen levels to 116%, which shows that the Sepropol balm has an earlier start and faster course of healing compared to the standard dermazin therapy, in burn wounds of pigs. The reparatory activity of Sepropol is concentration dependent and was statistically significant (Jastrzębska-Stojko et al, 2013) Staniczek et al (2021). compared the efficacy of ointments containing 1% propolis and 1% nanosilver.…”

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“…The main ingredients of propolis are aromatic acids (for example, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid), aromatic esters (cinnamic and caffeic acid ether esters), volatile compounds (geraniol, nerol, farnesol, β-eudesmol), aromatic compounds (vanillin), hydrocarbons (eicosan, tri-cosan, pentacosan), steroids (cholinesterol, fucosterol, stigmas-terol), enzymes (αamylase, β-amylase), flavonoids (tecto-chrysin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin, apigenin, kaempferol), acids (palmitic acid, melissic acid, cerotic acids), micro and macro nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Cl), vitamins (B1, B2, B6, C, E) and volatile oil compounds (Kubiliene et al, 2014). In recent years, studies and research on propolis have increased considerably in terms of internal food supplement and external medical purposes (Namratha et al, 2013;Afkhamizadeh et al, 2018;Rojczyk et al, 2020;Staniczek et al 2021;Furukawa et al 2021;da Rosa et al 2022). There are also some propolis combined with beewax and some other herbal substances such as almond oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, etc.…”