Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards

Hardell, Lennart; Sage, Cindy

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2007.12.004

Cited by 363 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As demonstrated in the literature ( Kundi and Hutter, 2009;Sage and Carpenter, 2009;Khurana, 2008;BIOINITIATIVE REPORT, 2007;Cherry, 2006;Cherry, 2007;Hardell and Sage, 2007), exposure to electromagnetic radiation of low intensities for long periods of time is a determinant for the aggravation and the emergence of diseases in humans. Studies point to observations of environmental carcinogens as an alert to the scientific community .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The main outcome that was studied was the number of deaths by neoplasia of Belo Horizonte municipality residents that occurred from 1996 to 2006, were reported to the City Health Department and were routinely confirmed by established criteria, under the responsibility of Wolf and Wolf, 2004;Bioinitiative Report, 2007;Guenel et al, 1996;Feychting et al, 1997;Wakeford, 2004;Mack et al, 1991;Beall et al, 1996;Beniashvili et al, 2005;Hardell and Sage, 2007. Primary and secondary: Malignant neoplasm without specification of site.…”

Section: Cancer Death Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Dode

Leão

Tejo

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cancer Death Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Dode

Leão

Tejo

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Exposure to EMF is low but inevitable. Though some epidemiological studies suggest an association between ELF‐EMF exposure and childhood leukemia [Ahlbom et al, 2000; Greenland et al, 2000; Ahlbom et al, [Link]; Hardell and Sage, 2008; Li et al, 2009], conclusive biological evidence is lacking [Vijayalaxmi and Scarfi, 2014]. In fact, no mechanism of interaction has been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A short‐term extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure increases circulating leukocyte numbers and affects HPA‐axis signaling in mice

Kleijn

Ferwerda

Wiese

et al. 2016

Bioelectromagnetics

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There is still uncertainty whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) can induce health effects like immunomodulation. Despite evidence obtained in vitro, an unambiguous association has not yet been established in vivo. Here, mice were exposed to ELF‐EMF for 1, 4, and 24 h/day in a short‐term (1 week) and long‐term (15 weeks) set‐up to investigate whole body effects on the level of stress regulation and immune response. ELF‐EMF signal contained multiple frequencies (20–5000 Hz) and a magnetic flux density of 10 μT. After exposure, blood was analyzed for leukocyte numbers (short‐term and long‐term) and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration (short‐term only). Furthermore, in the short‐term experiment, stress‐related parameters, corticotropin‐releasing hormone, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and CYP11A1 gene‐expression, respectively, were determined in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. In the short‐term but not long‐term experiment, leukocyte counts were significantly higher in the 24 h‐exposed group compared with controls, mainly represented by increased neutrophils and CD4 ± lymphocytes. POMC expression and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly lower compared with unexposed control mice. In conclusion, short‐term ELF‐EMF exposure may affect hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activation in mice. Changes in stress hormone release may explain changes in circulating leukocyte numbers and composition. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:433–443, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Besides the benefits, this has also resulted in increased public concern about potential adverse health effects of these exposures (Aldrich and Easterly, 1987;Ahlbom and Feychting, 2003;Genuis, 2008;Hardell and Sage, 2008; BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Fields (ELF and RF) Online (2009)). The literature assessing potential adverse effects on human health from exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low frequency (ELF) to radiofrequent (RF) frequency ranges encountered in the general environment is enormous and is increasing rapidly (for example Ahlbom et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature assessing potential adverse effects on human health from exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low frequency (ELF) to radiofrequent (RF) frequency ranges encountered in the general environment is enormous and is increasing rapidly (for example Ahlbom et al, 2004). However, despite of all these data, a conclusion on whether environmental exposure to EMF causes adverse health effects in human population remains to be answered (Hardell and Sage, 2008;Roosli, 2008;IARC, 2009;Schuz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Dirty electricity”: what, where, and should we care?

Vocht

2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Environmental exposure to high-frequency voltage transients (HFVT), also termed dirty electricity, has been advocated among electro(hyper)sensitive interest groups as an important biological active component of standard electromagnetic pollution. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, in which only seven articles were identified. Exposure to HFVT was associated with increased cancer risks, while preferential removal of 4-100 kHz HFVT from 50-60 Hz ELF circuits was linked to a variety of improvements in health (plasma glucose levels in diabetic patients, symptoms of multiple sclerosis, asthma and other respiratory illnesses, and insomnia), well-being (tiredness, frustration, general health, irritation, sense of satisfaction, mood), and student behavior. However, all these published studies were subject to significant methodological flaws in the design of the studies, the assessment of exposure, and the statistical analysis, which prevented valid assessment of a causal link between this exposure metric and adverse effects. Environmental exposure to HFVT is an interesting EMF exposure metric, which might explain the spurious results from epidemiological studies using 'standard' ELF and RF exposure metrics. However, at present, methodological problems in published studies prohibit the valid assessment of its biological activity.

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Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards

Cited by 363 publications

References 9 publications

Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

A short‐term extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure increases circulating leukocyte numbers and affects HPA‐axis signaling in mice

“Dirty electricity”: what, where, and should we care?

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