Biological Invasions and Ecosystem Processes: Towards an Integration of Population Biology and Ecosystem Studies

Vitousek, Peter M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4018-1_17

Cited by 449 publications

(453 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Efforts to explain the ecological effects of invader species have primarily focussed on their functional attributes (and how they differ from those of the resident species) and their abundance (Lloret et al 2005;Stanisci et al 2010;Vitousek 1990) or, on the habitat properties responsible for inherent vulnerability to invasion, i.e. invasibility (Chytrý et al 2008b;Davis et al 2000;Rejmánek et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of plant community diversity to alien invasion: evidence from a sand dune time series

2014

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This study examines the process of invasion of coastal dunes in north-eastern Italy along a 60-year time series considering alien attributes (origin, residence time, invasive status, and growth form strategy) and habitat properties (species richness, diversity and evenness, proportion of aliens, and proportion of focal species). Vegetation changes through time were investigated in four sandy coastal habitats, using a fine-scale diachronic approach that compared vegetation data collected by use of the same procedure, in four time periods, from the 1950s to 2011. Our analysis revealed an overall significant decline of species richness over the last six decades. Further, both the average number of species per plot and the mean focal species proportion were proved to be negatively affected by the increasing proportion of alien species at plot level. The severity of the impact, however, was found to be determined by a combination of species attributes, habitat properties, and human disturbance suggesting that alien species should be referred to as ''passengers'' and not as ''drivers'' of ecosystem change. Passenger alien species are those which take advantage of disturbances or other changes to which they are adapted but that lead to a decline in native biodiversity. Their spread is facilitated by widespread anthropogenic environmental alterations, which create new, suitable habitats, and ensure human-assisted dispersal, reducing the distinctiveness of plant communities and inducing a process of biotic homogenization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of plant community diversity to alien invasion: evidence from a sand dune time series

2014

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“…Espécies exóticas invasoras provocam impactos diretos e indiretos sobre a biodiversidade, afetando indivíduos, populações e comunidades, seja por meio de alterações nas interações existentes entre espécies ou por alterações químicas e físicas no meio (VERSFELD; VAN WILGEN, 1986;VITOUSEK, 1990;MACK et al, 2000;RICHARDSON et al 2000;SHEA;CHESSON, 2002; RICHARDSON; VAN VILGEN, 2004). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Métodos para controle de plantas exóticas invasoras

Dechoum¹,

Ziller²

2013

Biotemas

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ResumoEspécies exóticas invasoras são uma das maiores ameaças à conservação da biodiversidade e devem ser manejadas com base em métodos de controle adequados a condições ambientais locais ou regionais. Foram conduzidos experimentos de controle químico de dez espécies exóticas invasoras em Santa Catarina, incluindo as espécies arbóreas Casuarina equisetifolia, Hovenia dulcis, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini e Terminalia catappa, e as espécies herbáceas Furcraea foetida, Hedychium coronarium, Impatiens walleriana, Rubus fruticosus e Tradescantia zebrina. Para espécies arbóreas foram utilizados métodos de corte do tronco, cortes intercalados e anelamento associados à aplicação de herbicida e aspersão basal de herbicida. Já para espécies herbáceas foram utilizados a aspersão de herbicida em folhas e raízes, corte da parte aérea seguido de aplicação de herbicida e injeção de herbicida. Os princípios ativos testados foram Triclopir, Glifosato e Triclopir + Fluroxipir, em concentrações que variaram de 2 a 6%. O controle de todas as espécies arbóreas foi eficaz com corte e aplicação de herbicida nos tocos, enquanto os tratamentos de anelamento e cortes intercalados seguidos de aplicação de herbicida e aspersão basal de herbicida apresentaram resultados de eficácia diferenciados entre as espécies testadas. Para espécies herbáceas, o método mais eficaz foi aspersão foliar de herbicida. Palavras-chave: Áreas protegidas; Invasões biológicas; Manejo AbstractControl techniques for invasive alien plants. Invasive alien species are recognized as a major threat to the conservation of biodiversity. These species should be managed based on local and regional environmental conditions. Control techniques were tested for ten invasive species in Santa Catarina State: the trees Casuarina equisetifolia, Hovenia dulcis, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini, and Terminalia catappa, and shrubs and herbs Rubus fruticosus, Furcraea foetida, Hedychium coronarium, Impatiens walleriana, and Tradescantia zebrina. Treatments applied for trees were cut stump, frill and girdling or ring-barking followed by herbicide application, while the other species were treated with foliar spray, application of herbicide on the root system, cut stump and herbicide injection. The active ingredients tested were Triclopyr, Glyphosate, and the combination of Triclopyr + Fluroxipyr in concentrations from 2 to 6%, according to the species. The cut stump method was efficient for all of the woody species, while ring-barking and frilling followed by herbicide application and basal bark application resulted in different levels of efficiency for the species tested. The most efficient method for herbs and shrubs was foliar spray, and the least efficient methods were cut stump and herbicide injection.

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“…Changes in species abundance and diversity can strongly influence ecosystem function because individual species differ in the rate at which resources are acquired, the efficiency with which those resources are utilized to produce biomass, and interactions with the physical environment and other organisms (Chapin et al, 1997). Non-native invasive species most likely to alter ecosystem processes are those that: (i) differ from natives in resource acquisition and utilization, (ii) alter trophic structures, or (iii) influence disturbance regimes (Vitousek, 1990). The success of invasive plants has been at least partially linked to all three of these mechanisms (Mack et al, 2000;Daehler, 2003;Callaway & Ridenour, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest

Litton

Sandquist

Cordell

2008

Global Change Biology

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Non-native plants are invading terrestrial ecosystems across the globe, yet little is known about how invasions impact carbon (C) cycling or how these impacts will be influenced by climate change. We quantified the effect of a non-native C 4 grass invasion on soil C pools and fluxes in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest over 2 years in which annual precipitation was average (Year 1) and $ 60% higher than average (Year 2). Work was conducted in a series of forested plots where the grass understory was completely removed (removal plots) or left intact (grass plots) for 3 years before experiment initiation. We hypothesized that grass invasion would: (i) not change total soil C pools, (ii) increase the flux of C into and out of soils, and (iii) increase the sensitivity of soil C flux to variability in precipitation. In grass plots, grasses accounted for 25-34% of litter layer C and $ 70% of fine root C. However, no differences were observed between treatments in the size of any soil C pools. Moreover, grass-derived C constituted a negligible fraction of the large mineral soil C pool (o3%) despite being present in the system for ! 50 years. Tree litterfall was $ 45% lower in grass plots, but grass-derived litterfall more than compensated for this reduction in both years. Annual cumulative soil-surface CO 2 efflux (R soil ) was $ 40% higher in grass plots in both years, and increased in both treatments by $ 36% in the wetter Year 2. Despite minimal grassderived mineral soil C, 475% of R soil in grass plots was of C 4 (i.e. grass) origin. These results demonstrate that grass invasion in forest ecosystems can increase the flux of C into and out of soils without changing total C pools, at least over the short term and as long as the native tree canopy remains intact, and that invasion-mediated changes in belowground C cycling are sensitive to precipitation.

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Biological Invasions and Ecosystem Processes: Towards an Integration of Population Biology and Ecosystem Studies

Cited by 449 publications

References 53 publications

The response of plant community diversity to alien invasion: evidence from a sand dune time series

The response of plant community diversity to alien invasion: evidence from a sand dune time series

Métodos para controle de plantas exóticas invasoras

A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest

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