Biological Nutrient Removal in a Full Scale Anoxic/Anaerobic/Aerobic/Pre-anoxic-MBR Plant for Low C/N Ratio Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Carbon and nutrient biological removal in a University of Cape Town membrane bioreactor: Analysis of a pilot plant operated under two different C/N ratios

“…Recently, the integration of BNR process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) as an efficient combined process has been proposed for the wastewater treatment to treat the quality of the effluent, including such BNR processes as University of Cape Town (UCT) process, anoxic/oxic (A/O) process and anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) process [14]. Indeed, MBRs have attracted considerable interest due to various advantages compared to conventional process that originate from the use of a membrane for solid-liquid separation [9].…”

Enhanced biological nutrient removal in modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic process with return activated sludge pre-concentration

“…The two points are the research focus and some modified BNR processes based on the conventional activated sludge process have been developed, including anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (AAO) and oxidation ditch. The results show that deep nitrogen removal and optimal phosphorus removal are achieved [4,6,7].…”

Advanced nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate using a two-stage UASB–A/O system

“…The COD concentration of the influent was within the range 4400 mg·L -1 -4600 mg·L -1 , and average COD/TN ratio was less than 4. Traditional denitrification methods require a COD/TN ratio of more than 4, whereas partial nitrification-denitrification can be achieved at a ratio of 2.5 or more [28]. Although the original leachate had poor biodegradability, the ammonia nitrogen was removed by partial nitrification, and the carbon source was sufficient, requiring no supplementation.…”