Biological Roles and Production Technologies Associated with Bovine Glycomacropeptide

Feeney, Shane; Joshi, Lokesh; Hickey, Rita M.

doi:10.1002/9781119385332.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…GMP is the third richest whey protein in cheese whey, after β-Lg and α-La, constituting 12%–25% of the total whey protein. 18 In recent decades, interest in studying the biological activities of GMP has grown. Authors of a recent review documented the positive impacts of GMP on human health, including antibacterial, prebiotic, remineralizing, antitumor, and immune-modulatory activities, and modulation of the digestion process and metabolism.…”

Section: Composition and Bioactive Components Of Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GMP has been separated from cheese whey by various technologies, such as thermal treatment, complexation, UF, gel filtration, affinity chromatography, and IEC. 18 Feeney et al 18 conducted a detailed review of the purification technology of GMP. IEC is considered one of the most effective techniques used for GMP separation, considering that GMP has a pI (∼pH 4) lower than most other whey proteins.…”

Section: Separation and Purification Technologies Of Milk Bioactivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactives in bovine milk: chemistry, technology, and applications

et al. 2021

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The significance of dairy in human health and nutrition is gaining significant momentum as consumers continue to desire wholesome, nutritious foods to fulfill their health and wellness needs. Bovine milk not only consists of all the essential nutrients required for growth and development, it also provides a broad range of bioactive components that play an important role in managing human homeostasis and immune function. In recent years, milk bioactives, including α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, milk fat globule membrane, and milk oligosaccharides, have been intensively studied because of their unique bioactivity and functionality. Challenges for the application of these bioactive components in food and pharmaceutical formulations are associated with their isolation and purification on an industrial scale and also with their physical and chemical instability during processing, storage, and digestion. These challenges can be overcome by advanced separation techniques and sophisticated nano- or micro-encapsulation technologies. Current knowledge about the chemistry, separation, and encapsulation technology of major bioactives derived from bovine milk and their application in the food industry is reviewed here.

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Section: Composition and Bioactive Components Of Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Separation and Purification Technologies Of Milk Bioactivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactives in bovine milk: chemistry, technology, and applications

et al. 2021

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Use of batch anion exchange technique for separation of κ-casein glycomacropeptide from bovine whey fraction

Nakano

Betti

2022

Journal of Dairy Research

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Bovine κ-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a sialic acid containing glycopeptide, which is considered as a health promoting compound found in cheese whey. The study described in this research communication was undertaken to determine whether GMP with undetectable level of contaminating protein or phenylalanine can be isolated from bovine whey fraction using batch anion exchange technique with chitin as an adsorbent. A soluble whey fraction (SWF) prepared from 1 g whey protein isolate (WPI) was mixed with a slurry of 1 g chitin, and the mixture was incubated at pH 3.0. After incubation, the mixture was filtered, and the residue obtained (containing chitin-GMP complex) was washed with water and eluted stepwise with 0.5 M NaCl and 2.0 M NaCl. Most of GMP (corresponding to 75.8% of total sialic acid recovered) was eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. The recovered GMP accounted for 5.4% dry weight of WPI (or 18.9% dry weight of SWF). Amino acid analysis showed that there was no detectable level of contaminating amino acids including phenylalanine, histidine, arginine and tyrosine in the GMP fraction. It was concluded that the batch anion exchange method with chitin developed in this study can be used for the isolation of high purity GMP from bovine SWF.

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Top-Down Glycopeptidomics Reveals Intact Glycomacropeptide Is Digested to a Wide Array of Peptides in Human Jejunum

Koh

Kim

et al. 2022

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Bovine milk κ-casein-derived caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is produced in large quantities during cheesemaking and has various biological activities demonstrated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Previous studies examined protein degradation and peptide release after casein or whey protein consumption. However, whether purified intact CMP which is partially glycosylated survives intact to its presumed site of bioactivity within the gut remains unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which purified intact CMP (including glycosylated forms) is digested into peptide fragments within the jejunum of healthy human adults after consumption. Methods Jejunal fluids were collected from three adult participants (two men and one woman, age: 27 ± 7, BMI: 23 ± 1) for three hours after consuming 37.5 g of purified intact CMP. CMP and CMP-derived peptides were isolated from the collected jejunal fluids by ethanol precipitation and solid phase extraction and identified by mass spectrometry-based top-down glycopeptidomics. Relative abundances of CMP and CMP-derived peptides were compared qualitatively between the feed and the jejunal fluids. Results Intact CMP was dominant in feeding material, accounting for 90% of the total ion abundance of detected peptides, and in very low abundance (less than 2%) in the jejunal fluids. CMP-derived fragment peptides ranging from 11–20 amino acids in length were predominant (accounting for 68–88% of the total peptide ion abundance) in jejunal fluids during 1–3 h post consumption. Conclusions This study demonstrates that intact CMP (including glycosylated forms) is mostly digested in the human jejunum, releasing a wide array of CMP-derived peptide fragments. Some of the CMP-derived peptides with high homology to known bioactive peptides consistently survived across 3 h of digestion. Therefore, future research should examine the biological effects of the partially digested form—the CMP-derived fragments—rather than that of intact CMP.

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Biological Roles and Production Technologies Associated with Bovine Glycomacropeptide

Cited by 4 publications

References 145 publications

Bioactives in bovine milk: chemistry, technology, and applications

Bioactives in bovine milk: chemistry, technology, and applications

Use of batch anion exchange technique for separation of κ-casein glycomacropeptide from bovine whey fraction

Top-Down Glycopeptidomics Reveals Intact Glycomacropeptide Is Digested to a Wide Array of Peptides in Human Jejunum

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