Biological sensitivity to self-assembled nanomatrix platforms depends on the phenotype of MIN6 β-cells

Improved MIN6 β‐Cell Function on Self‐Assembled Peptide Amphiphile Nanomatrix Inscribed with Extracellular Matrix‐Derived Cell Adhesive Ligands

“…As described in our previous studies, a total of five different PAs were prepared using standard Fmoc‐chemistry on an Advanced Chemtech Apex 396 peptide synthesizer (AAPPTec, Louisville, KY) and subsequently were alkylated at the N‐termini with palmitic acid by a manual coupling reaction for 24 h at room temperature using a mixture of o ‐benzotriazole‐ N , N , N , N ′‐tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU), diisopropylethylamine (DiEA), and dimethylformamide (DMF). Cleavage and deprotection were immediately performed with a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), deionized (DI) water, triisopropylsilane, and anisole (40:1:1:1) for 3 h at room temperature . After removing excess TFA, the PAs were precipitated in cold ether followed by lyophilization.…”

“…Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 25 mmol L −1 glucose supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Atlanta Biologicals, Lawrenceville, GA), 100 units ml −1 penicillin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 100 μg mL −1 streptomycin (Invitrogen), 100 μg mL −1 L ‐glutamine (Invitrogen), and 5 μg L −1 β‐mercaptoethanol (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA) was used. MIN6 cells at relatively low passage numbers, between 20 and 30 passages, were utilized . All PAs were coated onto tissue culture plastic (TCP) of 48‐well TCPs (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) as previously described .…”

“…In addition, a simple evaporation method, where a PA solution is dispensed onto a desired surface and allowed to evaporate, can be used to create a PA nanomatrix coating that provides bioactivity suitable to study cellular responses . Our recent works have also demonstrated the potential of using PAs as biomaterials in osteogenic, cardiovascular, and PIT applications, as well as in the fabrication of a hybrid biomimetic scaffold, and the development of a drug delivery system . Hence, the self‐assembled nanomatrices created by PAs could provide a synthetic ECM microenvironment for transplanted islets, and the versatility of PAs can fully mimic the essential characteristics of the pancreatic ECM.…”

Enhanced MIN-6 beta cell survival and function on a nitric oxide-releasing peptide amphiphile nanomatrix

“…In response to these needs, peptide amphiphile (PA)-based biomaterials that closely mimic the islet cell microenvironment and extracellular matrix proteins have been garnering increasing attention. [4][5][6][7] Peptide amphiphiles are molecules that consist of a hydrophilic, functional peptide sequence coupled to a hydrophobic alkyl tail. [8][9][10] The amphiphilic nature of the molecule drives the self-assembly of PAs into a three-dimensional nanomatrix, and inclusion of multifunctional bioactive cues in the functional peptide sequence regulate islet cell behavior.…”

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle reinforced peptide amphiphile nanomatrix enhances the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by compositional ratios

“…These PAs have been modified through the incorporation of cellular adhesive ligand sequences isolated from common ECM proteins and peptide groups responsive to enzyme mediated degradation, providing microenvironments that capture the signaling properties of native ECM proteins and enzyme mediated degradation capability that does not lead to premature ECM erosion. Due to the customizable nature of the cellular adhesive ligand group, PAs have been utilized for a variety of tissue engineering fields such as cardiovascular, pancreatic, osteogenic, and drug delivery applications [8, 9, 11–13]. …”