Biologically Active Chorionic Gonadotropin: Synthesis by the Human Fetus

Mcgregor, W. Glenn; Kuhn, Robert W.; Rb, Jaffe

doi:10.1126/science.6682243

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results indicated that human fetal kidney and, to a slight extent, fetal liver could synthesize and secrete a protein that was immunologically and electrophoretically identical to /?hCG (6). Recently, we have obtained similar results for the a-subunit common to hCG and other glycoprotein hormones (7). We have also demonstrated that the hCG present in these tissues is biologically active (5,7).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Recently, we have obtained similar results for the a-subunit common to hCG and other glycoprotein hormones (7). We have also demonstrated that the hCG present in these tissues is biologically active (5,7). In continuation of these Received February 25,1983.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

“…Since our other studies showed the synthesis of proteins that are immunologically and electrophoretically identical to hCG a-and /3-subunits by these tissues (6,7), these immunocytochemical data probably indicate cellular sites of hCG subunit synthesis. In these other reports, we also demonstrated that placenta and fetal kidney actively secrete a-and /3hCG in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cellular Localization of Chorionic Gonadotropin in Human Fetal Kidney and Liver*

Goldsmith

Mcgregor

Raymoure

et al. 1983

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Earlier, we reported that second trimester human fetal kidney and, to a much lesser extent, human fetal liver were capable of synthesizing and secreting the beta-subunit of hCG. Recently, we also have shown that these tissues, likewise, synthesize and secrete the alpha-subunit of hCG. The hCG produced is biologically active. To determine the cellular localization of these peptides, immunocytochemical studies were performed on human fetal tissues using antibodies against beta hCG, alpha hCG, and the intact hormone. Placental syncytiotrophoblast served as an immunopositive control. In the human fetal kidney, the ascending (thick) limb of the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and occasional cells in the collecting ducts were distinctly immunopositive for both beta hCG and the alpha-subunit. Small amounts of light positive staining occurred in only a few hepatocytes. Placental syncytiotrophoblast was routinely positive for both subunits, but fetal lung and striated muscle were negative. These immunocytochemical results indicate that immunoreactive beta hCG as well as the alpha-subunit are present in placental syncytiotrophoblast, in the distal renal nephron, and in a limited population of hepatocytes. The qualitative number and intensity of immunopositive cells closely correlate with the quantitative amounts of their hCG subunit synthesis. Taken together with our previous biosynthetic data, the immunocytochemical localization reported here indicates the probable cellular sites of alpha- and beta hCG synthesis in these tissues. The presence of comparable alpha- and beta-subunit staining in identical cell populations suggests that both hCG subunits and, therefore, perhaps intact hCG are produced at these same cellular sites during fetal life.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 85%

supporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellular Localization of Chorionic Gonadotropin in Human Fetal Kidney and Liver*

Goldsmith

Mcgregor

Raymoure

et al. 1983

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Böckers et al (1994) detected FSH receptor mRNA in testicular tissue. By contrast, there are a few reports that the testicular tissue of the marmoset monkey and the kidney or liver tissue of the human fetus can synthesize in vitro FSH and human chorionic gonadotropin molecules, respectively (McGregor et al 1981(McGregor et al , 1983Garde et al 1991). It is therefore difficult to determine if the presence of LH-like substance in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in our study could be due to receptorbound or endogenous synthesized molecules in the lung and stomach.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Shirasawa

Shiino

Shimizu

et al. 1995

Cell and Tissue Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity was detected in the lung and stomach of chick embryos by the immunoperoxidase staining technique using specific antiserum to chicken LH. Immunoreactive LH (ir-LH) cells first appeared in the primordial cells of the epithelial layer of lung bud and foregut as well as of Rathke s pouch in the 3-day-old embryo, Hamburger and Hamilton stage 21. Ir-LH cells increased in number with advancing age of embryos in the lung, stomach, and pituitary gland. In the lung of 7-day-old embryos, stage 31, the ir-LH cells were distributed in the epithelium of primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, and their shapes were pseudostratified columnar, simple columnar, and simple cuboidal, depending on their sites in the intrapulmonary airway. Ir-LH cells were more numerous in the median part than in the lateral part of the lung, and the population in the epithelial layer of entobronchi of the secondary bronchi was 4 times higher than that in ectobronchi and laterobronchi of the secondary bronchi and in the primary bronchi. The immunoreactive products were found, either in the entire cell or in the apical part, facing the lumina of bronchi. In the stomach, ir-LH cells were found in the epithelial layer of gastric glands. No ir-LH cells were observed in interstitial regions, which consisted of mesenchymal cells and blood vessels, in the lung and stomach tissues. With advancing age, ir-LH cells changed their shapes to flat or squamous, coincident with the formation of parabronchi. Other pituitary hormones were not observed immunohistochemically in either the lung or stomach before hatching. Preabsorption of the antiserum against avian LH with the purified chicken LH or the extract of pituitaries from 10-day-old embryos completely destroyed the immunoreactivity to the cells in the lung and the pituitary. A single band of the immunoreaction products, whose molecular weight was around 25 K daltons, was shown by the immunostaining of nitrocellulose membrane transblotted after sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified pituitary LH, extracts of pituitaries from 10-day-old embryos, and the extracts of lungs from 7-, 10-, and 14-day-old chick embryos. These results demonstrated that ir-LH cells are present in extrapituitary tissues, and may play an important role during the development of chick embryonic lung and stomach.

show abstract

“…This maternal placental supply of CG peaks at the beginning of the 3rd month of gestation, declines slightly for 4-5 weeks, then begins a pronounced decline early in the 4th month of gestation. As the maternal placental levels of CG subside in the 3rd month, the fetus itself begins to produce the hormone (McGregor, Kuhn, & Jaffe, 1983). In addition, during the 3rd month of gestation, fetal production of LH becomes significant (Reiter & Grumbach, 1982).…”

Section: Genital Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality–heterosexuality.

Ellis

Ames²

1987

Psychological Bulletin

284

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following a historical sketch of attempts to explain homosexuality, we review evidence indicating that the process of determining human sexual orientation is fundamentally the same in all mammals. In this process, four phenotypic dimensions of sexuality develop from two more or less distinct sex genotypes. Studies are reviewed that indicate how phenotypic deviations from these two genotypes (called sexual inversions) can occur. The causes of sexual inversions are categorized as genetic-hormonal, pharmacological, maternal stress, immunological, and social experiential. From this evidence, we propose a theory of how the entire spectrum of human sexual orientation (vs. simply homosexuality) is determined.A consistent preference for sexual relations with one's own sex (homosexuality), the opposite sex (heterosexuality), or vary-

show abstract

Biologically Active Chorionic Gonadotropin: Synthesis by the Human Fetus

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Cellular Localization of Chorionic Gonadotropin in Human Fetal Kidney and Liver*

Cellular Localization of Chorionic Gonadotropin in Human Fetal Kidney and Liver*

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality–heterosexuality.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About