Biologically Active Preparations from the Leaves of Wild Plant Species of the Genus Rubus

Abstract

The plants of the genus Rubus (R.) are applied as antiseptic agents in the treatment of skin diseases. Despite the great interest in plants of this genus, there are few reports on the antioxidant and biological activities of preparations obtained from the leaves of these plants. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the antioxidant activity of preparations from leaves of wild plant species of the genus Rubus using the frequently applied DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, as well as to determine the total polyphenol content using the Folin–Ciocalteau method and perform qualitative evaluation by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The bactericidal and fungicidal activities of the obtained preparations were evaluated by applying laboratory tests: using the disc and the well methods based on the standards EN 13697:2019, EN 13697:2015, and EN 1500:2013. Microbiological tests of the plant preparations against bacteria, fungi, and yeasts isolated from the environment and against reference strains were performed. Moreover, antimicrobial testing of antibiotics against the tested strains was performed for comparison. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient of the obtained preparations was determined by the shake-flask method to determine their lipophilicity. According to the results, a high content of polyphenols and other antioxidant and biologically active compounds can be thought of as the parameter responsible for the effective activity of plant preparations obtained from wild plant species of the genus Rubus. The methods for determining bactericidal and fungicidal activity clearly demonstrates that preparations with reduced ethanol content exhibit bactericidal and fungicidal activity on surfaces. Testing of hand disinfection by means of rubbing with the preparations confirmed their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K12 NCTC 10538. The obtained results show that the tested preparations exhibit on average two times lower activity against the reference bacterial strains than comparable antibiotics. The preparations obtained from the leaves of R. idaeus L. and R. fruticosus L. could complement classical antibiotics. While environmental bacteria showed a similar response to the preparations and antibiotics, their sensitivity was about one-third less than that of the reference strains. Our studies have shown that the obtained preparations are highly hydrophilic (logP < 0). Thus, these preparations can only be used in lipid bilayers in the aqueous core of liposomes, not in the lipid envelope.

Correlation between Antimicrobial Activity Values and Total Phenolic Content/Antioxidant Activity in Rubus idaeus L.

“…However, the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of plants have also begun to be more actively researched after the breakthrough in packaging production in recent years, as evidenced by various research studies on films [ 31 , 32 ]. Kucharskii et al [ 33 ] stated that the raspberry leaves of the genus Rubus can be applied as antiseptic agents in the treatment of skin diseases. The biological action exerted by the R.idaeus leaf hydrolate, investigated by De Santis et al, was observed on B. cereus and A. bohemicus strains [ 34 ].…”

Potential Role of Bioactive Compounds: In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Fermented Milk Thistle

“…The core of liposomes is a droplet of water. Wettability studies showed that all bio-ferments are highly hydrophilic and can accumulate in lipid bilayers in the aqueous core of liposomes [33].…”

“…The FRAP technique assessed the antioxidant activity of the bio-ferments obtained (B-P, B-E, B-O, and B-S) [33]. These studies used the Thermo Scientific GENESYS 50 instrument at the wavelength λ = 593 nm.…”

Use of Silybum marianum Extract and Bio-Ferment for Biodegradable Cosmetic Formulations to Enhance Antioxidant Potential and Effect of the Type of Vehicle on the Percutaneous Absorption and Skin Retention of Silybin and Taxifolin

“…In order to assess the antioxidant capacity of silymarin, bio-ferment, and extract, the FRAP method was used [35]. The analyses were performed on the Thermo Scientific GENESYS 50 apparatus at the wavelength λ = 593 nm.…”