Biologically Effective Ultraviolet Radiation: Surface Measurements in the United States, 1974 to 1985

Scotto, Joseph; Cotton, Gerald; Urbach, Frederick; Berger, Daniel; Fears, Thomas R.

doi:10.1126/science.3340857

Cited by 332 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Robertson-Berger network had been installed to measure UV-B irradiances at eight stations in the United States since 1974 (Scotto et al 1988). In contrast to the satellite data which indicated a gradual ozone depletion over the years (Frederick 1992), the Robertson-Berger meter network showed a consistent decrease in measurements of solar UV radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European light dosimeter network (ELDONET): 1998 data

et al. 2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European light dosimeter network (ELDONET): 1998 data

et al. 2001

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“…The effects of UV radiation on living organisms are very diverse and their study has merited considerable attention over the past 20 years (Frederick and Lubin, 1988;Scotto et al, 1988). However, it is not easy to establish an exact relationship between the total ozone amount and the UV radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone mini‐holes over Valencia (Spain) and their influence on the UV erythemal radiation

Martínez‐Lozano

Utrillas

Núñez

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Low ozone level episodes (also known as mini-holes) have been analysed over Valencia, Spain, during the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007. In this study, 24 episodes, lasting 1 or 2 days each, were detected. Most of them can be explained dynamically by the existence of an anticyclone over the Azores, which sends air masses coming from the Caribbean over the Iberian Peninsula. A positive anomaly in the vertical temperature profile in the high troposphere and one negative anomaly in the medium and low stratosphere are also observed in most of the analysed episodes. The total ozone column decrease is accompanied by a rise in the UV erythemal radiation levels. This increase is quantified at 1.29 times the decrease in the total ozone column. This is known as the radiation amplification factor (RAF) of UV erythemal radiation.

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“…The effects of UV radiation on human beings have received considerable attention over the past 20 years (Frederick and Lubin, 1988;Scotto et al, 1988), leading to guidelines and recommendations about UV radiation exposure in order to avoid specific or chronic damage to the skin (WMO, 1998a;ICNIRP, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cloudiness over the values of erythemal radiation in Valencia, Spain

Esteve

Marı́n

Tena

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The influence of cloudiness over experimental UV erythemal radiation (UVER) has been studied. This influence has been analysed considering total cloudiness and low clouds. The measurements of cloudiness correspond to the daily values registered at 13 : 00 GMT at the Meteorological Centre of Valencia, which is part of the State Agency of Meteorology of Spain (AEMET). The UVER measurements were made using a YES UVB-1 radiometer located on the roof terrace of the Physics Faculty at the Burjassot Campus, Valencia (latitude 39.508°, longitude −0.418°, 60 m above sea level). First, a statistical analysis of cloudiness at 13 : 00 GMT in Valencia was carried out, confirming that the situation is mainly clear skies or very few clouds. Next, the influence of cloudiness on experimental UVER values was analysed, for both total cloudiness and low clouds. The experimental UVER values decrease as cloudiness increases for all solar zenith angles (SZA), and this reduction increases with the zenith angle. Next, the cloud modification factor (CMF) has been defined to reduce the influence of the zenith angle and ozone over the UVER. In order to quantify the relationship between CMF and the degree of cloudiness in oktas, linear, quadratic and potential regressions for both total cloudiness and low clouds have been calculated. Transmissivity due to total cloudiness and for overcast skies reaches 40%. On the other hand, the analysis of the influence over the zenith angle shows that CMF reduces as the zenith angle increases in the case of both total cloudiness and low clouds. With regard to the low cloud CMF, the results are comparable to those proposed by the COST-713 Action "UV-B Forecasting" for partially cloudy or cloudy skies (70% and 50%, respectively). Finally, the relationship between the CMF and the clearness index (k T ) has been analysed, as both parameters are simple indicators of cloudiness. It has been proved that such relationship is close to unity for zenith angles in the mid-range, while the CMF is greater than k T for lower SZA and is less than k T for high SZA, which indicates a certain dependence of these two parameters on the zenith angle.

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Biologically Effective Ultraviolet Radiation: Surface Measurements in the United States, 1974 to 1985

Cited by 332 publications

References 11 publications

European light dosimeter network (ELDONET): 1998 data

European light dosimeter network (ELDONET): 1998 data

Ozone mini‐holes over Valencia (Spain) and their influence on the UV erythemal radiation

Influence of cloudiness over the values of erythemal radiation in Valencia, Spain

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