Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Jerusalem Artichoke (<i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> L.)

Abstract

The dynamics of biomass accumulation during the growing period, the yield of leafy stalks and tubers, and the nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of the yield were investigated for two Jerusalem artichoke varieties (Tápiói Korai and Tápiói Sima) in a field experiment involving mineral fertilisation. Considerable differences were observed between the dynamics of leafy stalk and tuber development in Tápiói Korai which has a short vegetation period and Tápiói Sima where the vegetation period is long. The maximum dry matter ratio between the tuber yield and the leafy stalk yield was 1:1 for Tápiói Korai and 1:4.5 for Tápiói Sima. During the period when the maximum aboveground biomass developed in Tápiói Korai, 100 kg·ha −1 N and P fertiliser resulted in the highest leafy stalk yield (38.34 t·ha), while for Tápiói Sima, which developed a much greater leafy stalk mass, the highest aboveground biomass yield (78 -80 t·ha , supplemented with P and K fertiliser. The nutrient concentration in the leafy stalks was highest on the 85 th day of the vegetation period, prior to intensive dry matter accumulation in the leafy stalks and before tuber formation began. In both varieties the maximum nutrient uptake was recorded on the 155 th day. Great differences were observed between the varieties in terms of specific nutrient uptake. For a tuber yield of 10 t, together with the corresponding leafy stalk yield, the specific nutrient uptake of the Tápiói Korai variety amounted to 48 kg N, 10 kg P, 83 kg K, 30 kg Ca and 10 kg Mg, while for Tápiói Sima these figures were 162 kg N, 30 kg P, 300 kg K, 84 kg Ca and 45 kg Mg.

Use of Jerusalem artichoke tops silage to replace corn silage in sheep diet

“…Due to high regeneration capacity of JA tops, it can be cut 3-4 times a year (Izsáki and Kádi, 2013). The aerial part of JA is characterized by its high yield (a fresh and dry matter [DM] yields of over 120 and 30 t/ha, respectively) and high nutritional value (Kays and Nottingham, 2008;Diederichsen, 2010).…”

Environmental and Economic Performance of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Cultivated for Fructooligosaccharide Production

“…The environmental and economic performance assessed in the current study was based on yield data from one year. The data used, however, are comparable to field trials with similar tuber crops such as Jerusalem artichoke, which demonstrated that an increase in nitrogen fertilization leads to an increase in tuber yields [53,54], even though there is more information needed as annual climatic effects, such as changes in precipitation, can have a significant impact on yacon tuber yield formation [6].…”

Variability in macroelement content in the aboveground part of Helianthus tuberosus L. at different nitrogen fertilization levels

“…Variability of the soil and weather environment significantly modified the level of all the macronutrients in the aboveground parts. According to Seiler (1988), Harmankaya et al (2012), Izsáki and Kádi (2013) diversity of the environment in which Jerusalem artichoke grows modifies the processes of internal regulation. Therefore, variability may occur within the plant, the main stem and lateral shoots and it may be linked to the years and place of cultivation.…”