Biomass and CCS: The influence of technical change

Rewarding of extra-avoided GHG emissions in thermochemical biorefineries incorporating Bio-CCS

“…To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous studies of this kind in the literature. Unlike previous studies [3,33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][45][46][47][48][49][50], in this study a general analysis is presented, where the main factors affecting the update of the techno-economic assessment are described. Since thermochemical biorefineries achieve a GHG saving above the minimum target in the EU, the sale of all extra-avoided GHG emissions (not only from Bio-CCS) is analyzed.…”

“…The incorporation of Bio-CCS in thermochemical biorefineries has been modeled in the literature [3,33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In the design of thermochemical biorefineries, it is common to have a unit for the removal of CO 2 from the syngas (equivalent to pre-combustion CO 2 capture in IGCC power plants) in order to meet the requirement of the synthesis section [42].…”

“…http The capture and storage of biogenic CO 2 (Bio-CCS) refers to the capture, compression and transport of a biogenic CO 2 -rich stream to an onshore or offshore geological storage facility (sequestration). Regarding the incorporation of Bio-CCS, previous literature has analyzed its technical feasibility on biochemical and thermochemical biorefineries [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Möllersten et al analyzed the case of electricity production with CO 2 capture in the Swedish pulp and paper industry [4,5].…”

“…Therefore, the GHG balance is not considered, even if it involves GHG savings above the minimum target. Based on these proposals, some authors have economically assessed the rewarding of Bio-CCS incorporation into different configurations of thermochemical biorefineries producing energy carriers [3,33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In all cases, the rewarding was via the sale of CO 2 allowances.…”

Balance and saving of GHG emissions in thermochemical biorefineries

“…The incorporation of biogenic carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS), i.e. a biogenic CO 2 -rich stream is captured, pressurized and transported to an onshore or offshore geological storage facility (sequestration), can lead to significant removal of CO 2 from the atmosphere [11,12] and the impact of the sale of captured CO 2 has been analyzed in several techno-economic assessments [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Nonetheless, a cradle-to-grave GHG balance of the process is necessary before considering storage (sequestrated) CO 2 as a negative emission of the process [1].…”