Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

Abstract

Over the last century, there has been increasing debate concerning the use of biomass for different purposes such as foods, feeds, energy fuels, heating, cooling and most importantly biorefinery feedstock. The biorefinery products were aimed to replace fossil fuels and chemicals as they are renewable form of energy. Biomass is a biodegradable product from agricultural wastes and residues, forestry and aquaculture. Biomass could be sourced from a variety of raw materials such as wood and wood processing by-products, manure, fractions of organic waste products and agricultural crops. As a form of renewable energy, they have the advantages of easy storage, transportation, flexible load utilization and versatile applications. The aim of this study is to provide an overview for thermochemical and biochemical biomass conversion technologies that were employed currently. Attention was also paid to manufacture of biofuels because of their potentials as key market for large-scale green sustainable biomass product.

Integrated Functional Sanitation Value Chain

“…They can also be referred to as biological pretreatments aimed to turn biomass into a number of products and intermediates through selection of different microorganisms or enzymes. The process provides a platform to obtain fuels and chemicals such as biogas, hydrogen, ethanol, butanol, acetone and a wide range of organic acids (Chen & Qiu, 2010;Garba, 2020). This process is used when the intention is to make products that could replace petroleum-based products and those obtained from grain.…”

“…This process is used when the intention is to make products that could replace petroleum-based products and those obtained from grain. Biomass biochemical conversion technologies are clean, pure and efficient when compared with other conversion technologies (Chen & Wang, 2016;Garba, 2020); classical options are composting and other sanitation-derived nutrients for agriculture, and anaerobic digestion.…”

“…This process does not only minimize the amount of waste, but also transforms such waste into bioenergy. Also, the digestates produced during the process are rich in nutrients and can serve as fertilizers for agricultural Sanitation biomass recovery and conversion purposes (Garba, 2020;Li et al, 2019;Polprasert & Koottatep, 2017). AD is a common profitable process owing to its vast energy improvement into the formation of CH 4 and its inadequate ecological influences; and is additionally capable of deactivating pathogens and stabilizing solid fuel production (Polprasert & Koottatep, 2017;Sawatdeenarunat et al, 2015;Siwal et al, 2021;Zhen et al, 2017).…”

Banana split: biomass splitting with flash light irradiation

“…Although this approach is used at the industrial level, it can cause some problems for waste water management. 8,9 Those routes are slower than thermochemical conversion.…”

Kinetic study of different biomass pyrolysis and oxygen-enriched combustion

“…Furthermore, liquefaction technology can be applied, however, it is a relatively novel method therefore its use is not as extended as other processes [7]. Differences between combustion, gasification and pyrolysis lie on the amount of oxygen required, as pyrolysis is produced under no oxidizing conditions, gasification under sub-stoichiometric oxidizing conditions, and combustion under oxidizing conditions [8]. However, there are some other processes whose use have attracted attention to the scientific community in the last years, such as oxygen-enriched combustion, which is produced under oxygen-rich atmospheres [9].…”