Biomass Energy Conversion Using Thermochemical and Biochemical Technologies

Aishwarya, S.; Sruthi, Gutha Sri Naga; Aditya, M. N.; Sivagami, K.; Chakraborty, Samarshi

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9135-5_5

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Through the use of scientific methods, these technologies can reduce the reliance on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels by converting biomass into alternative fuels (53). All the conversion technologies that have been discussed previously have inherent limitations, regardless of their scientific approach (54).…”

Section: Thermochemical Conversion Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery

Begum,

Kumari,

Jain

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Section: Thermochemical Conversion Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery

Begum,

Kumari,

Jain

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…and a rapid reaction rate that is several orders of magnitude higher than that of biochemical fermentation validate the presence of thermochemical technology toward ethanol synthesis. 22 At this moment, the relatively mature biochemical and thermochemical processes have achieved technology readiness levels (TRLs) of 9 (Practical system in commercial operations) and 6 (Demonstration of technology), respectively. 23 Alternatively, as an emerging ethanol manufacturing technology, the electrochemical process via an electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) has demonstrated its feasibility and sustainability, despite the fact that it is still in the infant stage.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the applicability of almost all classes of biomass feedstocks (sugar, starch, lignin, etc.) and a rapid reaction rate that is several orders of magnitude higher than that of biochemical fermentation validate the presence of thermochemical technology toward ethanol synthesis . At this moment, the relatively mature biochemical and thermochemical processes have achieved technology readiness levels (TRLs) of 9 (Practical system in commercial operations) and 6 (Demonstration of technology), respectively …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Bridging Biochemical, Thermochemical, and Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction toward Sustainable Ethanol Synthesis

Tan

Ong

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Faced by the concerning climate change worldwide and agriculture-dependent biochemical and energy-intensive thermochemical technologies, research and development efforts in exploring sustainable ethanol synthesis toward carbon neutrality are urgent. Recently, an electrochemical process via the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to synthesize ethanol has emerged as a promising alternative approach by directly consuming CO2 from the atmosphere. Despite the fact that numerous remarkable electrocatalysts with fascinating activity, selectivity, and stability have been extensively uncovered in this field, environmental impacts of this technology have rarely been acknowledged. Herein, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study is conducted to evaluate the potential environmental impacts and benefits of an innovative electrochemical process versus conventional biochemical and thermochemical processes toward the sustainable synthesis of 1 kg of ethanol. Impact assessment results revealed that with the contemporary electricity mix, the electrochemical process is still surpassed by the biochemical process, and its environmental benignity is not pronounced, attributed to tremendous electricity utilities accounting for 67.7–100% of impacts. However, it prevails over the two conventional routes when powered by renewable energies, particularly solar energy, with impact reduction ranging from 108.6 to 750.5%, while providing the greatest benefits with respect to terrestrial ecotoxicity (TETP). Carbon footprint further indicates that the electrochemical process becomes competitive and reaches carbon neutrality once driven by electricity with carbon intensity (CI) below 0.25 and 0.12 kg CO2 eq/kWh. Overall, in spite of its massive electricity utilities, the electrochemical ethanol synthesis route is highly promising in environmental impact remediation when coupled with renewable energies, which calls for more efforts from researchers and governments to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainability in years to come.

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“…However, most of these wastes are not treated in the right way because of the low economic benefits and the limitations of laws and regulations. At present, the study on converting agricultural biomass wastes to value-added resources is extensive because of the increasing regard for forest resource protection. , Microbe-mediated transformation, pyrolysis, and chemical conversions are the most widely used methods in this field. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Corn Stalks by Fenton Reaction: A New Insight into the Mechanism by an Experimental and Theoretical Study

Qin

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Agricultural biomass wastes are an abundant feedstock for biorefineries. However, most of these wastes are not treated in the right way. Here, corn stalks (CSs) were assigned as the raw material to produce cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) via in situ Fenton oxidation treatment. In order to probe the formation mechanism of an in situ Fenton reactor, the bonding interaction of hydrated Fe 2+ ions and fiber has been systemically studied based on adsorption experiments, IR spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the coordination of the hydrated Fe 2+ ion to the fiber generates a quasi-octahedral-coordinated sphere around the Fe center. The Jahn−Teller distortion effect of the Fe center promotes the Fe−O 2 H 2 bonding interaction via reduction of the energy gap of the d z 2 orbital of the Fe center and π 2py /π 2pz orbitals of the H 2 O 2 molecule. The oxidation treatment of the pretreated CS by the in situ Fenton process shows the formation of a new carboxyl group on the fiber surface. The scanning electron microscopy image shows that the Fenton-treated fiber was scattered into the nanosized CNFs with a diameter of up to 50 nm. Both experimental and theoretical studies show that the pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction could describe the in situ Fenton kinetics well. Moreover, the proposed catalytic cycle shows that the large thermodynamic barrier is the cleavage of the O−O bond of H 2 O 2 to generate the • OH radical, and the whole catalytic cycle is found to be spontaneous at room temperature.

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Biomass Energy Conversion Using Thermochemical and Biochemical Technologies

Cited by 6 publications

References 126 publications

A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery

A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Bridging Biochemical, Thermochemical, and Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction toward Sustainable Ethanol Synthesis

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Corn Stalks by Fenton Reaction: A New Insight into the Mechanism by an Experimental and Theoretical Study

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Biomass Energy Conversion Using Thermochemical and Biochemical Technologies

Cited by 6 publications

References 126 publications

A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery

A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Bridging Biochemical, Thermochemical, and Electrochemical CO2 Reduction toward Sustainable Ethanol Synthesis

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Corn Stalks by Fenton Reaction: A New Insight into the Mechanism by an Experimental and Theoretical Study

Contact Info

Product

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About

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Bridging Biochemical, Thermochemical, and Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction toward Sustainable Ethanol Synthesis