Biomass to power conversion in a direct carbon fuel cell

Munnings, Christopher; Kulkarni, Aniruddha; Giddey, Sarb; Badwal, S. P. S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.255

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The LF arc is significantly smaller compared to that in He-purged cell, whereas it decreases notably with increasing cell temperature, indicating the pronounced role of in situ formed CO. Similar AC impedance behavior to that described above has been obtained by C. Munnings et al [26], in a cell using LSCF as both anode and cathode electrodes and coconut char as feedstock. The impact of carrier gas (He or CO 2 ) on ohmic and electrode resistances is further interpreted in following sections.…”

Section: Effect Of Carrier Gas (He or Co 2 ) On Fuel Cell Performancesupporting

confidence: 85%

Direct utilization of lignite coal in a Co–CeO 2 /YSZ/Ag solid oxide fuel cell

Kaklidis

Garagounis

Kyriakou

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Available online xxxKeywords: Direct carbon fuel cells Lignite fuel Co/CeO 2 anode Carbonates a b s t r a c t The feasibility of employing lignite coal as a fuel in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) of the type: lignitejCoeCeO 2 /YSZ/Agjair is investigated. The impact of several parameters, relatedto anodic electrode composition (20, 40 and 60 wt.% Co/CeO 2 ), cell temperature (700 e800 C), carrier gas composition (CO 2 /He mixtures), and total feed flow rate (10e70 cm 3 / min), was systematically examined. The effect of molten carbonates on DCFC performance was also investigated by employing a eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium carbonates as carbon additives. In the absence of carbonates, the optimum performance (~10 mW cm À2 at 800 C), was achieved by employing 20 wt.% Co/CeO 2 as anodic electrode and pure CO 2 as purging gas. An inferior behavior was demonstrated by utilizing He instead of CO 2 atmosphere in anode compartment and by increasing purging gas flow rate.Carbonates infusion into lignite feedstock resulted in a further increase of maximum power density up to 32%. The obtained findings are discussed based also on AC impedance spectroscopy measurements, which revealed the impact of DCFC operating parameters on both ohmic and electrode resistances.

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Section: Effect Of Carrier Gas (He or Co 2 ) On Fuel Cell Performancesupporting

confidence: 85%

Direct utilization of lignite coal in a Co–CeO 2 /YSZ/Ag solid oxide fuel cell

Kaklidis

Garagounis

Kyriakou

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…These additional minor peaks rule out the possibility of the impurity phase being an n ¼ 1 RuddlesdenePopper phase and suggests that this is a higher order layered phase as discussed below. The Co metal phase observed in previous studies was not identified within this study [11,17]. This could be due to the high background noise caused by the polyamide tape used to remove the sample, which would mask the presence of minor phases, or could be the result of the Co metal alloying with the Ag within the electrode.…”

Section: Post Mortem Analysismentioning

confidence: 66%

“…These studies have shown that this material offers good performance and reasonable stability over short periods though the formation of secondary phases in such materials has been observed including a cubic phase (most likely Co metal) and, potentially, a 2nd layered perovskite-related phase [11,16,17]. These decomposition products are not always observed in LSCF samples tested for short durations or if low resolution XRD data is obtained [13,17,19].…”

Section: Post Mortem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite anodes for improved performance of a direct carbon fuel cell

Giddey

Kulkarni

Munnings

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Actual stack efficiencies are projected to be ∼80% with total system efficiencies estimated to be above 60% -almost twice those of current generation coal fired plants and significantly higher than other fuel cell types. The projected cost, including balance-ofplant (BOP) is lower than most other fuel cell types with substantially lower operating costs due to the availability of cheap fuel sources [4].…”

Section: R E T R a C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Chen

Gao

Long

et al. 2015

ILCPA

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Fuel cells are under development for a range of applications for transport, stationary and portable power appliances. Fuel cell technology has advanced to the stage where commercial field trials for both transport and stationary applications are in progress. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) utilize solid carbon as the fuel and have historically attracted less investment than other types of gas or liquid fed fuel cells. However, volatility in gas and oil commodity prices and the increasing concern about the environmental impact of burning heavy fossil fuels for power generation has led to DCFCs gaining more attention within the global study community. A DCFC converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity through its direct electrochemical oxidation. The fuel utilization can be almost 100% as the fuel feed and product gases are distinct phases and thus can be easily separated. This is not the case with other fuel cell types for which the fuel utilization within the cell is typically limited to below 85%. The theoretical efficiency is also high, around 100%. The combination of these two factors, lead to the projected electric efficiency of DCFC approaching 80% -approximately twice the efficiency of current generation coal fired power plants, thus leading to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of CO 2 for storage/sequestration is also halved. Moreover, the exit gas is an almost pure CO 2 stream, requiring little or no gas separation before compression for sequestration. Therefore, the energy and cost penalties to capture the CO 2 will also be significantly less than for other technologies. Furthermore, a variety of abundant fuels such as coal, coke, tar, biomass and organic waste can be used. Despite these advantages, the technology is at an early stage of development requiring solutions to many complex challenges related to materials degradation, fuel delivery, reaction kinetics, stack fabrication and system design, before it can be considered for commercialization. This paper, following a brief introduction to other fuel cells, reviews in detail the current status of the direct carbon fuel cell technology, recent progress, technical challenges and discusses the future of the technology.

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Biomass to power conversion in a direct carbon fuel cell

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Direct utilization of lignite coal in a Co–CeO 2 /YSZ/Ag solid oxide fuel cell

Direct utilization of lignite coal in a Co–CeO 2 /YSZ/Ag solid oxide fuel cell

Composite anodes for improved performance of a direct carbon fuel cell

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

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