Biomaterials science and surface engineering strategies for dental peri-implantitis management

Abstract

Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption, ultimately resulting in implant failure. Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties, and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis. Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque. However, it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment. Therefore, the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants, such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture, the introduction of diverse functional coatings, or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. Furthermore, we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products, and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives, so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic property.

Advances in biomaterials for oral-maxillofacial bone regeneration: spotlight on periodontal and alveolar bone strategies

“…As a result, the primary preventive strategy of peri-implantitis is surface modification which could inhibit biofilm formation. Yu et al [ 99 ] summarized these modifications, such as introducing functional coatings or antibacterial surface topography. Nevertheless, these strategies with positive outcomes are rarely transformed into clinical application [ 99 ].…”

“…Yu et al [ 99 ] summarized these modifications, such as introducing functional coatings or antibacterial surface topography. Nevertheless, these strategies with positive outcomes are rarely transformed into clinical application [ 99 ]. One of the reasons is that, the actual microbial composition and organization of periodontal flora are much more complicated than that of in vitro sterile environment or in vivo experimental animals lived in SPF barrier environment.…”