Biomethane Production From Lignocellulose: Biomass Recalcitrance and Its Impacts on Anaerobic Digestion

Xu, Ning; Liu, Shixun; Xin, Fengxue; Zhou, Jie; Jia, Honghua; Xu, Jiming; Jiang, Min; Dong, Weiliang

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00191

Cited by 156 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…However, the complex structure of agricultural residues is the major limitation, which makes lignocellulosic biomass refractory to anaerobic digestion and yields in low methane production [11,12]. This restricts the hydrolysis of material in which enzymes fail to degrade complex structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This restricts the hydrolysis of material in which enzymes fail to degrade complex structures. Commercial limitations of methane production from lignocellulosic residues should be solved by the pretreatment processes [12,13]. To solve this limitation, different kinds of pretreatment methods such as mechanical, chemical (acidic, alkali, oxidative), thermal, biological, and combinations have been applied to the countless number of lignocellulosic feedstock [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Chemical-Assisted Thermal Pretreatments on Methane Production from Fruit and Vegetable Harvesting Wastes: Process Optimization

Günerhan¹,

Us²,

Dumlu

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The increasing population creates excess pressure on the plantation and production of fruits and vegetables across the world. Consumption demand during the whole year has made production compulsory in the covered production system (greenhouse). Production, harvesting, processing, transporting, and distribution chains of fruit and vegetables have resulted in a huge amount of wastes as an alternative source to produce biofuels. In this study, optimization of two pretreatment processes (NaOH and HCl assisted thermal) was investigated to enhance methane production from fruit and vegetable harvesting wastes (FVHW) that originate from greenhouses. NaOH concentration (0–6.5%), HCl concentration (0–5%), reaction temperature (60–100 °C), solid content (1–5%), time of reaction (1–5 h), and mixing speed (0–500 rpm) were chosen in a wide range of levels to optimize the process in a broad design boundary and to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of independent variables along with their ranges. Increasing NaOH and HCl concentrations resulted in higher COD solubilization but decreased the concentration of soluble sugars that can be converted directly into methane. Thus, the increasing concentrations of NaOH and HCl in the pretreatments have resulted in low methane production. The most important independent variables impacting COD and sugar solubilization were found to be chemical concentration (as NaOH and HCl), solid content and reaction temperature for the optimization of pretreatment processes. The high amount of methane productions in the range of 222–365 mL CH4 gVS−1 was obtained by the simple thermal application without using chemical agents as NaOH or HCl. Maximum enhancement of methane production was 47–68% compared to raw FVHW when 5% solid content, 1-hour reaction time and 60–100 °C reaction temperature were applied in pretreatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Chemical-Assisted Thermal Pretreatments on Methane Production from Fruit and Vegetable Harvesting Wastes: Process Optimization

Günerhan¹,

Us²,

Dumlu

et al. 2020

Molecules

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show abstract

“…Among other techniques, the use of specific enzyme systems should be considered to reduce the lignocellulose's recalcitrance to anaerobic digestion. An in-depth presentation of the chemical and biological mechanisms between recalcitrant biomass and enzymes was provided by [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues

Asquer

Melis

Scano

et al. 2019

Climate

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The present work shows the experimental evidence carried out on a pilot scale and demonstrating the potential of Cannabis sativa L. by-products for biogas production through anaerobic digestion. While the current state-of-the-art tests on anaerobic digestion feasibility are carried out at the laboratory scale, the here described tests were carried out at a pilot-to-large scale. An experimental campaign was carried out on hemp straw residues to assess the effective performance of this feedstock in biogas production by reproducing the real operating conditions of an industrial plant. An organic loading rate was applied according to two different amounts of hemp straw residues (3% wt/wt and 5% wt/wt). Also, specific bioenhancers were used to maximize biogas production. When an enzymatic treatment was not applied, a higher amount of hemp straw residues determined an increase of the median values of the gas production rate of biogas of 92.1%. This reached 116.6% when bioenhancers were applied. The increase of the specific gas production of biogas due to an increment of the organic loading rate (5% wt/wt) was +77.9% without enzymatic treatment and it was +129.8% when enzymes were used. The best management of the biodigester was found in the combination of higher values of hemp straw residues coupled with the enzymatic treatment, reaching 0.248 Nm 3 ·kg volatile solids −1 of specific biogas production. Comparisons were made between the biogas performance obtained within the present study and those found in the literature review coming from studies on a laboratory scale, as well as those related to the most common energy crops. The hemp straw performance was similar to those provided by previous studies on a laboratory scale. Values reported in the literature for other lignocellulosic crops are close to those of this work. Based on the findings, biogas production can be improved by using bioenhancers. Results suggest an integration of industrial hemp straw residues as complementary biomass for cleaner production and to contribute to the fight against climate change.

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“…There are other processes for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels such as the second-generation hydrolysis process ( Figure 10) followed by the fermentation of the sugar into ethanol and the old process of anaerobic digestion. However, this process requires novel ways of increasing the bioconversion efficiency, such as performing the pre-treatment leading to cell wall degradation [81].…”

Section: Btlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Martins

Brito

2020

Energies

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The recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO2 and renewable CO2 production is not made, or even between CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.

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Biomethane Production From Lignocellulose: Biomass Recalcitrance and Its Impacts on Anaerobic Digestion

Cited by 156 publications

References 94 publications

Impacts of Chemical-Assisted Thermal Pretreatments on Methane Production from Fruit and Vegetable Harvesting Wastes: Process Optimization

Impacts of Chemical-Assisted Thermal Pretreatments on Methane Production from Fruit and Vegetable Harvesting Wastes: Process Optimization

Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues

Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

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