Biometric and genetic differences in kelabau (Osteochilus spp.) as revealed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1

Abstract

Background: Kelabau (Osteochilus spp.) is a freshwater fish commonly found in the rivers of Riau, Indonesia. Researchers believe that these are Osteochilus kelabau; however, accurate taxonomic determination of these fish in Riau waters has not been made. The purpose of this study was to facilitate the identification of the kelabau based on its morphology and genetics using biometric and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) analyses, respectively. Methods: Fish samples were collected from the Siak, Kampar and Rokan rivers in Riau Province, Indonesia. The DNA of 90 fish was extracted from the caudal fins using a DNA extraction kit, after which it was amplified using primers Fish-F1 and Fish-R1. Sequencing was conducted by Applied Biosystems Macrogen Korea, and the DNA sequences were then edited and aligned using MEGA v. 7. All samples were BLAST-searched for identification using the National Center for Biotechnology Information and BOLD System. Phylogenetic trees were constructed, and the similarity index was calculated using accession numbers AP011385.1 and KC631202.1 in GenBank. Results: Analysis of the consensus barcode sequence for 86 species revealed a high percentage of barcode matches (96%–97% in GenBank and 96.6%–96.76% in the BOLD System). The nucleotide distance between groups of kelabau from the different rivers based on the Kimura 2-parameter model gave the following results: 0.05% between groups from the Siak and Kampar rivers, 0.09% between those from the Siak and Rokan rivers and 0.05% between those from the Kampar and Rokan rivers. The nucleotide distance between the groups in the Siak (0.09%), Kampar (0.00%) and Rokan (0.10%) Rivers indicated that the kelabau in those rivers were related to each other. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research data using CO1 and biometric analyses, the kelabau were confirmed to be O. melanopleurus.