Biomimetic Composite Scaffold Based on Naturally Derived Biomaterials

Abstract

This paper proposes the development of a biomimetic composite based on naturally derived biomaterials. This freeze-dried scaffold contains a microwave-synthesized form of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HAp), using the interwoven hierarchical structure of eggshell membrane (ESM) as bio-template. The bone regeneration capacity of the scaffold is enhanced with the help of added tricalcium phosphate from bovine Bone ash (BA). With the addition of Gelatin (Gel) and Chitosan (CS) as organic matrix, the obtained composite is characterized by the ability to stimulate the cellular response and might accelerate the bone healing process. Structural characterization of the synthesized HAp (ESM) confirms the presence of both hydroxyapatite and monetite phases, in accordance with the spectroscopy results on the ESM before and after the microwave thermal treatment (the presence of phosphate group). Morphology studies on all individual components and final scaffold, highlight their morphology and porous structure, characteristics that influence the biocompatibility of the scaffold. Porosity, swelling rate and the in vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC), demonstrate the effective biocompatibility of the obtained materials. The experimental results presented in this paper highlight an original biocomposite scaffold obtained from naturally derived materials, in a nontoxic manner.

Collagen-Carboxymethylcellulose Biocomposite Wound-Dressings with Antimicrobial Activity

“…Hence, 1 L of simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was first prepared, based on the ionic species concentrations from Kokubo’s methodology [ 33 ] ( Table 2 ), corresponding to the ionic concentrations from human blood plasma, and following the steps previously described [ 34 ].…”

“…Hence, 1 L of simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was first prepared, based on the ionic species concentrations from Kokubo's methodology [33] (Table 2), corresponding to the ionic concentrations from human blood plasma, and following the steps previously described [34]. Small cylinders of 5 mm diameter, from each sample, were first weighed (determining the initial mass Wi), then completely soaked in 5 mL of SBF and maintained at 37 • C for various time periods.…”

In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Out of 71 relevant article titles collected from SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar, only 36 were included after screening the title, abstract, and content for in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity testing for the biocompatibility of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite. The articles came from several countries, such as India [ 11 , 14 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], Bangladesh [ 41 , 42 ], China [ 43 ], Korea [ 25 , 44 , 45 ], Turkey [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], Thailand [ 49 , 50 ], Brazil [ 26 ], Italy [ 51 ], USA [ 52 ], Romania [ 2 ], Vietnam [ 53 , 54 ], Colombia [ 55 ], and Egypt [ 56 ]. The study selection of the articles included in the systematic review is shown in Figure 1 .…”

“…Recovery usually requires the use of synthetic biomaterials [ 1 ]. Accidents and chronic illnesses cause bone defects that do not heal on their own, so the development of more efficient treatments is needed [ 2 ]. Porous biomaterials are scaffolds that are suitable for forming bone tissue and encouraging the diffusion of nutrients and metabolites out of cells and scaffolds [ 3 ].…”

Fabrication of Dexamethasone-Silver Nanoparticles Entrapped Dendrimer Collagen Matrix Nanoparticles for Dental Applications

“…To date, both natural and synthetic biomaterials have been employed for constructing scaffolds. This includes proteins like collagen [12,13], fibrin, silk; polysaccharides like chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, etc. ; synthetic polymers like polylactic acid polycaprolactone.…”