Biomimetic Implant Surface Functionalization with Liquid L-PRF Products: In Vitro Study

Abstract

Objective Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) clots and membranes are autologous blood concentrates widely used in oral surgical procedures; less is known, however, about the liquid formulations of such products. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the behavior of different implant surfaces when in contact with two liquid leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) products. Methods Six commercial pure titanium discs, of 9.5 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness, were used. Three of these samples had a micro/nano-rough surface; three were machined. Three different protocols were tested. Protocols involved the immersion of the samples in (1) a platelets, lymphocytes, and fibrinogen liquid concentrate (PLyF) for 10 minutes, (2) an exudate obtained from L-PRF clots rich in fibronectin and vitronectin for 5 minutes, and (3) the fibronectin/vitronectin exudate for 2 minutes followed by immersion in the PLyF concentrate for further 8 minutes. After these treatments, the samples were fixed and observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results Under microscopic observation, (1) the samples treated with the PLyF concentrate revealed a dense fibrin network in direct contact with the implant surface and a significant number of formed elements of blood; (2) in the samples treated with the fibronectin/vitronectin exudates, only a small number of white and red blood cells were detectable; and (3) in samples exposed to the combined treatment, there was an apparent increase in the thickness of the fibrin layer. When compared to the machined surface, the micro/nano-rough samples showed an overall increased retention of fibrin, leading to a thicker coating. Conclusions Liquid L-PRF products promote the formation of a dense fibrin clot on micro/nano-rough implant surfaces in vitro. The adjunctive treatment of surfaces with the fibronectin/vitronectin exudate could provide support to contact of the fibrin with the surface, though it is not essential for the clot formation. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the properties and benefits of liquid L-PRF products.

Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Its Related Products: Biomolecular Characterization of the Liquid Fibrinogen

“…However, compared to L-PRF clots, liquid fibrinogen has been less studied and characterized with respect to the amount of different growth factors. However, as demonstrated in a previous study [18], it may have potential applications for the biofunctionalization of dental implants.…”

Ultrashort Implants, Alternative Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Mandibular Atrophies in Fragile Subjects: A Retrospective Study

“…On the other hand, few case reports are available in the literature reporting full-arch prothesis supported by ultrashort implants and placed with immediate loading [17,19,28].…”

“…The combination of innovative implant surfaces and the correct project of the prostheses, with the related implant connection, determined a different timing in the therapy, allowing to obtain an immediate loading [16][17][18].…”

Liquid platelet‐rich fibrin promotes the regenerative potential of human periodontal ligament cells

“…After years of research, a liquid version of PRF (liquid-PRF) was introduced and provided physicians with a new type of operable and practical platelet concentrate for clinical application, which has been used as an injectable PRF for articular joints, temporal mandibular joint disorders, cosmetic surgery, and mixing with various biomaterials such as bone grafts (Abd El Raouf et al, 2019;Choukroun & Ghanaati, 2018). After injection or mixing with biomaterials, liquid-PRF can form fibrin mesh with entrapment of cells and growth factors, which favors enhancement of cell activity and slow-down of growth factor delivery over time compared with PRP as highlighted in our previous studies and also can greatly improve the periodontal regeneration (Abd El Raouf et al, 2019;Cortellini et al, 2018;Lollobrigida et al, 2018;Wang, Zhang, Choukroun, Ghanaati, & Miron, 2017).…”