Bionematicides used in the control of plant parasitic nematodes

Abstract

Plant parasitic nematodes cause the highest financial losses in agricultural crops. Numerous microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and extracts from plants are used in the control of these pests, as well as chemical controls. However, chemical control has negative effects on the environment and human health, while bionematicides are an extremely reliable alternative management option. Bionematicides can act synergistically or as additives with other agricultural inputs in IPM programs and increase the effectiveness of nematode control. In this review, bionematicides of bacterial, fungal and plant/animal origin used in the control of plant parasitic nematodes are listed and discussed.