Biophysical therapy and biostimulation in unfavorable bony circumstances: adjunctive therapies for osseointegration

Abstract

Dental implants using titanium have greatly advanced through the improvement of designs and surface treatments. Nonetheless, the anatomical limits and physiological changes of the patient are still regarded as obstacles in increasing the success rate of implants further, even with the enhancement of implant products. So there have been many efforts to overcome these limits. The intrinsic potential for bone regeneration can be stimulated through adjuvant treatments with the continuous improvement of implant properties, and this can play an important role in achieving optimum osseointegration toward peripheral bone tissue and securing ultimate long-term implant stability in standard surgical procedures. For this purpose, various chemical, biological, or biophysical measures were developed such as bone grafts, materials, pharmacological agents, growth factors, and bone formation proteins. The biophysical stimulation of bone union includes non-invasive and safe methods. In the beginning, it was developed as a method to enhance the healing of fractures, but later evolved into Pulsed Electromagnetic Field, Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound, and Low-Level Laser Therapy. Their beneficial effects were confirmed in many studies. This study sought to examine bone-implant union and its latest trend as well as the biophysical stimulation method to enhance the union. In particular, this study suggested the enhancement of the function of cells and tissues under a disadvantageous bone metabolism environment through such adjunctive stimulation. This study is expected to serve as a treatment guideline for implant-bone union under unfavorable circumstances caused by systemic diseases hampering bone metabolism or the host environment.

Osteogenic effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on peri-implant bone: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The included studies used mice (n=1), rats (n=5), rabbits (n=3), and pigs (n=1) as the implant animal models [10][11][12][13][14][16][17][18][19][20]. One study investigated implants in animals in which diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) [13]. Another study used an implant animal model of osteoporosis [17].…”

“…In addition, studies have reported that LIPUS can promote the osteogenesis of dental implants [10][11][12]. However, in some studies, LIPUS has shown contrasting effects on dental implants [13,14]. Therefore, whether LIPUS promotes osteogenesis around the dental implants requires further investigation.…”

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor - Beta on Osseointegration of CpTi Implant Radiated by Low Level Laser Therapy

“…of fractures, fast recovery from the damage of soft tissue, nerve, bone, and cartilage, and relieves acute and chronic pain and inflammation (6) . Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), the largest source of which is bone, has been implicated in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and is expressed at high levels during bone growth and development with an adequate blood supply (7) .…”

Analysis of Inflammatory Cells in Osseointegration of CpTi Implant Radiated by Low Level Laser Therapy

“…LLLT Known as cold laser, soft laser, biostimulation, or photobiomodulation, it basically exposes cell or tissue to laser or lowlevel red or near-infrared (IR) light generated from light-emitting diode. LLLT stimulates or controls cellular function to minimize the extinction of cell or tissue, accelerates the healing of fractures, fast recovery from the damage of soft tissue, nerve, bone, and cartilage, and relieves acute and chronic pain and inflammation (6) .…”