Biorefining: A Green Tribological Perspective

Energy-Efficient and Environmentally-Conscious Industrial Lubrication

“…Representative value factors in terms of mass and energy accumulation over this evaluation period can then be obtained. A typical form for the proposed objective function can then be represented as in equation (5).…”

“…The way that it is formulated is by comparing each value factor with its own benchmark value and making sure that the ratio of the two is between 0 and 1. The index can then be defined as in equation ( 6) by utilizing the objective function in equation (5).…”

“…The variables and parameters used in equation ( 6) are as defined in equation (5). The ratios of the values should all be less than one for normal regulatory operation and by multiplying the ratios by weights that sum to 1 will mean that the index as shown will be between 0 and 100.…”

“…In a limited number of cases could confirmatory test work be achieved by direct application to the real process under operational conditions. In the other cases laboratory-based testing had to be used with the associated implications of scale-up and extrapolation [5].…”