Bioremediation techniques as affected by limiting factors in soil environment

Abstract

Soils are polluted by both organic and inorganic substances. Plants growing in polluted soils suffer damages such as leaf rolls, chlorosis, growth inhibition, root tips browning, and death of plant. Soil pollutants such as hydrocarbon and heavy metals are absorbed by crops and such ends up being consumed by human posing health risk like cancer and respiratory abnormally. Conventional methods of remediation such as chemical and physical methods are very expensive and not sustainable. Excavation, which is a type of physical method, merely shifts the pollutant from one site to another. Bioremediation is a biological method of reclaiming polluted soils. Bioremediation is less expensive and more sustainable and safer when compared to the conventional methods of reclamation of polluted environment. This biological method of remediation is an extremely attractive, important, and productive alternative for cleaning, debugging, managing, and rehabilitating and consequently ameliorating contaminated environments via judicious utilization of microbial activities. The rate, at which the waste substances are degraded, is usually dictated by competitiveness among biological agents, sub-optimal supply of essential nutrients, unconducive abiotic conditions (in forms of temperature, aeration, pH, and moisture), and constrained pollutant’s bioavailability. Bioremediation is often effective only under conducive environmental conditions favorable for microbial growth and development. It has been successfully used at various parts of the world. Based on the significance of bioremediation in enhancing the reclamation of polluted environments by decontaminating and degrading heavy metals and xenobiotics, more focused researches would be needed so as to improve contaminated environments in much safer ways and conditions through bioremediation techniques. This research discussed the various types and methods of bioremediation. The mechanisms of actions and strategies of microorganisms in bioremediation were well expatiated. The interaction between bioremediators and the mineral particles in the soil environment was explained.

Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils: A Comprehensive Review of the Impacts of Chemicals, Soil Salinity, Organic Matter, and Land Use

“…This knowledge enables the design of effective delivery systems that ensure the appropriate distribution of electron acceptors, nutrients, and other necessary components throughout the contaminated area. Effective delivery systems optimize the contact between microorganisms and contaminants, facilitating biodegradation processes and enhancing overall remediation outcomes [7]- [9]. In conclusion, the success of in-situ bioremediation technology for contaminated groundwater hinges upon several critical factors.…”

Soil pollution and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: State of the knowledge and remediation technologies

“…Bioremediation can be aerobic or anaerobic done in or ex situ. Choice of bioremediation technique to deploy depends on several factors which may include nature of pollutant, concentration of pollutant, type of environment, cost of remediation technique, depth of contaminant, and environmental policies (82). Ex situ methods of bioremediation involve the removal of the polluted medium, the soil in this case from site of pollution to another site for treatment.…”

“…The treatment options may include treatment of the contaminated soil with solids containing bioremediators either in biopiles, windrows, land farming, composting (83,84). With in situ bioremediation, polluted soil is treated right at the site of pollution and is, therefore, more cost-effective than the ex-situ bioremediation techniques (80,82,84). Techniques commonly used in the in situ bioremediation include bioventing, bioslurping, biosparging and bioaugumentation (82).…”

“…With in situ bioremediation, polluted soil is treated right at the site of pollution and is, therefore, more cost-effective than the ex-situ bioremediation techniques (80,82,84). Techniques commonly used in the in situ bioremediation include bioventing, bioslurping, biosparging and bioaugumentation (82).…”

Draft genome of Raoultella planticola, a high lead resistance bacterium from industrial wastewater

“…Bacteria are currently utilized in several pollutants bioremediation such as polyaromatic hydrocarbon (Abdelhaleem et al 2019 ), pesticides (Elarabi et al 2020 ) and heavy metals (Mohamed et al 2020 ; González and Ghneim-Herrera 2021 ). Biological method of remediation of polluted sites uses living organisms, which could be plant (phytoremediation) or microorganisms (bioremediation) such as bacteria, algae and fungi, or their products to abate or clean up pollutants (Alori et al 2022 ). One of the best favorable bioremediation techniques is bacterial remediation, which utilizes bacteria to enhance biosorption, precipitation, intracellular accumulation and oxidation.…”